Perovskite photodetectors have attracted much research and attention because of their outstanding photoelectric characteristics, such as good light harvesting capability, excellent carrier migration behavior, tunable band gap, and so on. Recently, the reported studies mainly focus on materials synthesis, device structure design, interface engineering and physical mechanism analysis to improve the device characteristics, including stability, sensitivity, response speed, device noise, etc. This paper systematically summarizes the application fields and device structures of several perovskite photodetectors, including perovskite photoconductors, perovskite photodiodes, and perovskite phototransistors. Moreover, based on their molecular structure, 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D perovskite photodetectors are introduced in detail. The research achievements and applications of perovskite photodetectors are summarized. Eventually, the future research directions and main challenges of perovskite photodetectors are prospected, and some possible solutions are proposed. The aim of the work is to provide a new thinking direction for further improving the performance of perovskite photodetectors.

Nucleic acid aptamers, selected through the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), are short nucleic acid sequences that exhibit high affinity and specificity towards diverse targets. Over the past three decades, substantial advancements have been made in both the technology and applications of nucleic acid aptamers. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the historical development and defining characteristics of aptamers, highlighting recent technological innovations in SELEX, including Capillary Electrophoresis SELEX, Microfluidic SELEX, Cell-SELEX, and others. We explore the applications of aptamers in therapeutic and targeted drug delivery, emphasizing their advantages over traditional antibodies such as cost-effectiveness, ease of synthesis, and lower immunogenicity. Key challenges such as stability, specificity, and efficient delivery are discussed, with proposed strategies for improvement including advanced chemical modifications and integration with nanotechnology. By integrating advanced technologies, aptamers hold significant promise for enhancing precision medicine and personalized therapeutic interventions, offering new avenues for the treatment of complex diseases.

In the current study, Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin film was successfully fabricated by the facile nanocrystals (NCs)-printing approach combined with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. Firstly, the CZTS NCs were synthesized by a thermal solution method and the possible formation mechanism was analyzed briefly. Then the influences of RTA toleration temperature and duration time on the various properties of as-printed thin films were examined via XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, UV-vis-IR spectroscopy, EDS and XPS treatments in detail. As observed, the RTA factors of temperature and time had significant impacts on the structure and morphology of as-prepared thin films, while there were no obvious effects on the band gap energy in studied conditions. The results showed that the obtained thin film at optimal RTA conditions of (600 °C, 20 min) featured a kesterite structure in pure phase and an irregular morphology consisting of large grains. Moreover, the satisfactory composition of a Cu-poor, Zn-rich state and an ideal band gap energy of 1.4 eV suggests that as-fabricated CZTS thin film is a suitable light-absorbing layer candidate for the application in thin film solar cells.

Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs₂AgInCl₆ has been extensively studied in recent years due to the lead toxicity and poor stability of common lead halide perovskites. In this study, sodium (Na⁺) and bismuth (Bi³⁺) doped into Cs₂AgInCl₆ double perovskite, then Cs₂Ag_1−xNa_xIn_1 − yBi_yCl₆ films with broadband warm-yellow emissions were achieved by the blade coating method. Herein, Na and Bi content were changed as variables at a series of parameter optimization experiments, respectively. In the Cs₂Ag_1−xNa_xIn_1 − yBi_yCl₆ systems, Na⁺ broke the parity-forbidden transition of Cs₂AgInCl₆, and Bi³⁺ suppressed non-radiative recombination. The partial replacement of Ag⁺ with Na⁺ ions and doping with Bi³⁺ cations were crucial for increasing the intensity of the PL emission. The experimental results showed that the photoluminescence quantum yield of the Cs₂Ag_0.4Na_0.6In_0.8Bi_0.2Cl₆ film was 66.38%, which was the highest data among all samples. It demonstrated remarkable stability under heat and ultraviolet conditions. After five thermal cycles, the PL intensity of the Cs₂Ag_0.4Na_0.6In_0.8Bi_0.2Cl₆ film is only reduced to approximately 5.7% of the initial value. After 720 h continuous ultraviolet irradiation, there occurred 31.9% emission decay of the film.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens for nosocomial and community infections, which is closely related to the occurrence of pyogenic and toxic diseases in human beings. In the current study, a lab-built microchip capillary electrophoresis (microchip CE) system was employed for the rapid determination of S. aureus, while a simple-to-use space domain internal standard (SDIS) method was carried out for the reliable quantitative analysis. The precision, accuracy, and reliability of SDIS were investigated in detail. Noted that these properties could be elevated in SDIS compared with traditional IS method. Remarkably, the PCR products of S. aureusnuc gene could be identified and quantitated within 80 s. The theoretical detection limit could achieve a value of 0.066 ng/μL, determined by the using SDIS method. The current work may provide a promising detection strategy for the high-speed and highly efficient analysis of pathogens in the fields of food safety and clinical diagnosis.

Inorganic CsPbBr ₃ and CsPbBr _x I _(3−x) films were prepared by spray-coating on the glass. The crystalline structure and optical properties were investigated for these perovskites films. The results show that the samples at 180 °C have pure monoclinic perovskite phase and exhibit strong single photoluminescence (PL). The surface morphology and optical features of the perovskites films could be remarkably changed by doping different halogen ions. A white light-emitting diode (WLED) was assembled based on the obtained CsPbBr ₃ films, and the CIE color of WLED is (0.33, 0.34), showing the application potentiality of the perovskites films synthesized by spray-coating in light-emitting and display devices.