Cellulose has received great attention owing to its distinctive structural features, exciting physico−chemical properties, and varied applications. The combination of cellulose and silver nanoparticles currently allows to fabricate different promising functional nanocomposites with unique properties. The current work offers a wide and accurate overview of the preparation methods of cellulose–silver nanocomposite materials, also providing a punctual discussion of their potential applications in different fields (i.e., wound dressing, high-performance textiles, electronics, catalysis, sensing, antimicrobial filtering, and packaging). In particular, different preparation methods of cellulose/silver nanocomposites based on in situ thermal reduction, blending and dip-coating, or additive manufacturing techniques were thoroughly described. Hence, the correlations among the structure and physico–chemical properties in cellulose/silver nanocomposites were investigated in order to better control the final properties of the nanocomposites and analyze the key points and limitations of the current manufacturing approaches.

In our paper, we have synthesized modified PEA and alkyd resin by replacing the new source of polyol (SDEA) which was confirmed by different analyses such as IR, and 1HNMR spectra. A series of conformal, novel, low-cost, and eco-friendly hyperbranched modified alkyd and PEA resins were fabricated with bio ZnO, CuO/ZnO) NPs through an ex-situ method for mechanical and anticorrosive coatings. The synthesized biometal oxides NPs and its composite modified alkyd and PEA were confirmed by FTIR, SEM with EDEX, TEM, and TGA, and can be stably dispersed into modified alkyd and PEA resins at a low weight fraction of 1%. The nanocomposite coating was also subjected to various tests to determine their surface adhesion, which ranged from (4B-5B), physico-mechanical characteristics such as scratch hardness, which improved from < 1.5 to > 2 kg, gloss (100–135) Specific gravity (0.92–0.96) and also chemical resistance test which passed for water, acid, and solvent except alkali, was poor because of the hydrolyzable ester group in the alkyd and PEA resins. The anti-corrosive features of the nanocomposites were investigated through salt spray tests in 5 wt % NaCl. The results indicate that well-dispersed bio ZnO and CuO/ZnO) NPs (1.0%) in the interior of the hyperbranched alkyd and PEA matrix improve the durability and anticorrosive attributes of the composites, such as degree of rusting, which ranged from 5 to 9, blistering size ranged from 6 to 9, and finally, scribe failure, which ranged from 6 to 9 mm. Thus, they exhibit potential applications in eco- friendly surface coatings. The anticorrosion mechanisms of the nanocomposite alkyd and PEA coating were attributed to the synergistic effect of bio ZnO and (CuO/ZnO) NPs and the prepared modified resins are highly rich in nitrogen elements, which might be regarded as a physical barrier layer for steel substrates.

This investigation focuses on examining the adsorption behavior of crystal violet dye on cellulose (CS) and its modified forms, including cellulose loaded with nicotinic acid (CSN) and cellulose loaded with thiourea (CST). Batch experiments were performed to analyze the adsorption process, while various characterization techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were utilized to assess the structural and morphological changes in the cellulose materials. The findings reveal that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemical adsorption mechanism. Additionally, the Langmuir isotherm model suggests monolayer adsorption on cellulose surfaces. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic for CS and CSN, whereas it is endothermic for CST. The characterization techniques employed provide valuable insights into the structural modifications and porous properties of cellulose materials. Overall, this study underscores the potential of modified cellulose materials to effectively remove dyes in wastewater treatment applications. Notably, thiourea-loaded cellulose CST exhibits superior adsorption capacity with removal percentages of 78.2% compared to CS and CSN, whose removal percentages were 76.45% and 76.72%, respectively, suggesting the promising role of CST in dye removal. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of crystal violet dye adsorption on cellulose and its modified forms, thereby paving the way for future research on the application of modified cellulose materials in wastewater treatment processes.