The ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an important process for aquaculture. This paper proposes a low-cost and easy-to-build artificial intelligence (AI) buoy system that autonomously measures the related water quality data and instantly forwards them via wireless channels to the shore server. Furthermore, the data provide aquaculture staff with real-time water quality information and also assists server-side AI programs in implementing machine learning techniques to further provide short-term water quality predictions. In particular, we aim to provide a low-cost design by combining simple electronic devices and server-side AI programs for the proposed buoy system to measure water velocity. As a result, the cost for the practical implementation is approximately USD 2015 only to facilitate the proposed AI buoy system to measure the real-time data of dissolved oxygen, salinity, water temperature, and velocity. In addition, the AI buoy system also offers short-term estimations of water temperature and velocity, with mean square errors of 0.021 °C and 0.92 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, we replaced the use of expensive current meters with a flow sensor tube of only USD 100 to measure water velocity.

Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus, especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.