Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus, especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.

This study evaluated the potential of the aqueous moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract (ME) as a prebiotic and its effect on the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. The growth trial of probiotics in the broth containing ME showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus growth rate was significantly higher () than that of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri. Furthermore, L. acidophilus exhibited also better growth () than Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi in the broth containing ME. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ME (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were the same against V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi at concentrations of 10, 7.5, and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively. By contrast, ME’s MIC and MBC against L. acidophilus were 50 and >100 mg/ml, respectively. The prebiotic scores of L. acidophilus against V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi were significantly higher () than that against V. alginolyticus. The MIC, MBC, and prebiotic scores indicated that ME enhanced the growth of L. acidophilus more than that of Vibrio bacteria. Six diets were formulated for the feeding trial; 3 diets contained ME at 0 (ME0), 2.5 (ME2.5) and 5.0 g/kg (ME5.0), respectively, and the same 3 diets were also prepared with L. acidophilus (ME0 + P, ME2.5 + P, and ME5.0 + P, respectively). After the feeding trial, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the gut was higher () in the ME2.5 + P group than in the control and ME2.5 groups, but no differences were found in the vibrio-like bacterial count among the treatments. The ME2.5 + P group had a higher () final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate than did the ME or L. acidophilus alone and the control groups. Therefore, ME exhibits a prebiotic function and exerts a symbiotic effect with L. acidophilus, thus increasing the growth performance of P. vannamei.

AbstrakTujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada petani lahan kering agar mampu melakukan optimalisasi pemanfaatan air melalui kegiatan produksi ikan lele. Masyarakat yang dilibatkan adalah petani hortikultura yang merupakan anggota kelompok tani Sasambo. Lokasi kegiatan adalah Dusun Amor Amor Desa Gumantar, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dari sosialisasi kegiatan, pembuatan bak pemeliharaan ikan, penyuluhan mengenai teknik budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.), praktek pemeliharaan ikan lele, pemanenan dan pemasaran ikan. Petani berpartisipasi aktif pada setiap rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan. Hasil kegiatan adalah tersedianya dua unit kolam ikan berdiameter 3 m dan tinggi 1 m yang dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi, pipa pemasukan dan pengeluaran air, serta bak pengendapan. Mitra dapat mengaplikasikan ilmu yang diperoleh yang ditunjukkan dengan berhasilnya proses pemeliharaan pada tahap pertama pemeliharaan dengan kepadatan rendah yaitu 500 ekor per bak. Jumlah ikan yang diproduksi adalah 80 kg dengan keuntungan Rp.470.000 per bak dengan masa pemeliharaan 45 hari. Keuntungan tersebut masih tergolong rendah yang disebabkan karena rendahnya tingkat kepadatan. Diharapkan pada pemeliharaan selanjutnya petani dapat meningkatkan kepadatan hingga 2.100 sampai 3.500 ekor per bak.Kata kunci: Ikan Lele, Lahan Kering, Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Air.AbstractThe objectives of the project were to transfer knowledge and skill about how to use the limited water for catfish (Clarias sp.) production. Involved community were the dry land farmers who were members of farmer group of Sasambo. The project was held at Amor Amor, Gumantar Village, Kayangan District, Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The activity was started with introducing the community service plan to the targeted community, and making fish tank. The next step were transferring knowledge and skill to the farmer by teaching and practicing the technique about how to culturing, harvesting, and marketing the catfish. The partner participated actively during all the activities. The result were 2 unit of fish tanks with diameter 3 m and height 1 m and be equipped with aeration system, outlet and inlet pipes, and 4 settlement tanks. The involved farmer success to apply the knowledge and skill which was proven by their success to produce catfish. The farmer stocked 500 fish per tank and produce 80 kg after 45 days rearing period. The farmer obtained profit Rp 470.000 per tank. This profit was still low because they applied low density stocking. The farmer was targeted to increase their stocking density around 2.100 to 3.500 fish per tank after they have enough experience in catfish rearing.Keywords: Catfish, Dry Land, Optimization of Water Use.

Eel seeds for aquaculture are primarily sourced from the wild. These seeds respond poorly to feed during the initial rearing phase. Therefore, this study aimed to provide feed that eels can consume in the early stages of culture. This study used an experimental method by testing the level of eel acceptance for natural feed, namely worms (Lumbricus sp.), golden snails (Pomacea sp.), chicken intestines, and maggots (black soldier flies), which will then be used as attractants mixed with pellet flour. Based on the order of feed selection and the time duration of eel response to the feed, eels preferred earthworms and snails as feed compared to maggots and chicken intestines. However, the four tested feed types can be consumed by eels. Mixing earthworms with pellet meal in the form of paste feed was responded well by eels. Eels consumed more (p 0.05) as eels given 100% worms. It indicated that a combination of artificial feed and earthworms could facilitate the consumption of artificial feed by eels in the initial phases of culture.

Microalgae Spirulina sp. is a blue-green autotrophic organism that has a cylindrical cell structure that forms twisted filament colonies resembling spirals, and is usually used as a natural feed in aquaculture. Development has been carried out for the production of Spirulina sp. which includes culture techniques in various production scales, but the culture of Spirulina sp. cannot rely solely on the natural environment. The study aims to evaluate the effect of lighting duration on the density and growth of Spirulina sp. The lighting duration tested was 24 hours and 12 hours using the LED light, which was replicated 8 times. The density, doubling time, growth, and spirulina biomass were analyzed statistically using the T-test. The study showed that lighting duration affected (p0,05) in doubling time between 24 and 12 hours of lighting. The study suggests using 24-hour instead of 12-hour lighting to improve performance and growth.