Background and purpose: The study explores basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive carrier for naproxen sodium, demonstrating its ability to enhance solubility when administered rectally. The mucilage, derived from Ocimum basilicum seeds, showed bioadhesive properties and thermal stability, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Experimental approach: Microspheres were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, varying polymer ratios to optimize drug delivery. Key results: Particle size analysis revealed a range of 456±0.51 to 712±0.21 µm, with larger microspheres formed at higher mucilage concentrations due to increased viscosity. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 45.01±0.25 % to 79.4±0.93 %, improving with higher basil/alginate ratios. The superior batch, OBM5, showed excellent mucoadhesive qualities in ex-vivo assays, attributed to the increased polymer content, facilitating interaction with rectal mucosa. SEM analysis of OBM5 indicated a spherical, monolithic structure conducive to free flow. Drug release was efficient, with OBM5 achieving 88.7±1.3 % after 7 hours, indicating a control­led release profile. Conclusion: Incorporated into polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 suppositories, suppose­tories were completely disintegrated in buffer solution within 25 minutes. The bioadhesive force of basil seed mucilage on rectal mucosa was significantly enhanced, reaching 6.44±0.58 g, correlating with mucilage concentration. These findings underscore the efficacy of basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive biopolymer for rectal drug delivery systems.

Desmodium gangeticum belongs to family Leguminoceae. It is a versatile plant with many features and considerable prospective. Whole plant is employed as traditional medicine for the treatment of several disorders. D. gangeticum is a traditional Ayurvedic plant used for centuries as an anthelminthic, anti-catarrahal, diuretic, expectorant, astrin-gent, febrifuge, nervine tonic, anti diarrheal, bronchodilator, vasopressor, analgesic, antipyretic, cardio tonic, stimulant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Chromatographic fingerprint and similarity measurement could efficiently identify and distinguish between root and small branches of D. gangeticum. The phytochemical fingerprint profiling of root and small branches of D. gangeticum were found similar as an official part of D. gangeticum plant i.e. root, therefore small branches may be used in place of root and vice-versa after comparison and confirmation of same pharmacological activities.

Colorectal disease is the third most prevelant cancer in both men and women, with an expected 106,180 new cases of colon cancer and 44,850 new cases of rectal cancer as per American Cancer Society. Targeted medicine delivery is vital in the treatment of colon disorders because it delivers long-term therapeutic results with little side effects. Natural polymer is biocompatible and biodegradable, which enables safety, improves storage, and physiological stability, it is utilized as drug delivery vehicles and has made great strides in recent years. Chitosan, alginate, pectin, guar gum, dextran, hyaluronic acid, and arabinoxylan are examples of natural polysaccharides that are utilized to create nanoparticles. Natural gums serve two purposes: first, they shield the medicine from stomach and intestinal conditions, allowing it to only be released in the colon. In this review, we introduce the different gum particularly used in nanoparticles formulation, and then discuss recent research and the latest patent in the development of gum-based nanoparticles for the treatment of colon rectal cancer.

Acacia nilotica Linn. is a common, medium sized tree, belonging to family Leguminosae. It is popularly known as babul, kikar or Indian gum Arabic tree which has been recognized worldwide as a multipurpose tree. It has the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions and to defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. Phytochemical screening of the stem bark reported that it contains terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and glycosides which made it so useful from medicinal point of view. In this paper a new, simple HPTLC-UV pattern method is proposed for comparison of phytochemicals constituents present in stem bark and small branches of A. nilotica. The method can also be used for efficiently, identify and distinguish of different A. nilotica species. The results revealed that the phytochemical fingerprint profiling of small branches of A. nilotica was slightly similar with stem bark as an official part of A. nilotica plant, therefore small branches may not be used in place of stem bark and vice-versa. The retention factor (Rf) of A. nilotica stem bark and small branches furnished a specific HPTLC chromatogram fingerprint which might be helpful for quality assurance and detection of adulteration of crude extracts.

Background: The current research focused on the improvement of drug entrapment efficiency and release study of hydrophilic drug through polymer complextation Objective: Ionotropic gelation technique was utilised for the preparation of Polyelectrolyte complex microbeads of Vildagliptin using Sodium alginate and Eudragit RL100 and their performance was optimized by Central composite design. Method: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, particle size, Drug Entrapment Efficiency, X-ray diffraction and in-vitro drug release at 10hr were chosen for evaluating formulated microbeads. The impact of independent variables like concentration of sodium alginate and eudragit RL100 was examined over dependent responses. Result: The interpretation of XRD, SEM, DSC, and FTIR affirmed no drug excipients interference and confirmed formation of polyelectrolyte complex microbeads. For complex microbeads, the maximum and minimum drug release after 10 hours was obtained as 96.23.5% and 89.45%, respectively. The 32 central composite design was further used to obtain response surface graph and the values for the particle size, DEE and Drug release were retained as 0.197, 76.30 % and 92.15%, respectively for the optimize batch. Conclusion: The result suggested the combination of two polymers (Sodium alginate and Eudragit RL100) were suitable for improving the entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic drug (Vildagliptin). The central composite design (CCD) technique is an effective tool for obtaining optimal drug delivery systems of Vildagliptin polyelectrolyte complex microbeads.

The polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are adaptable definitions shaped by electrostatic interaction between biopolymers with inverse charges. Polyelectrolyte edifices comprise an exceptional class of polymeric mixtures comprising of polyions with inverse charges, which can be charged either cationically or anionically. Significant advancement has been made in the course of recent years towards new medication conveyance frameworks. The subject of broad essential and applied exploration has been on the marvel of interpolymer collaborations and polyelectrolyte complex development. Basically and applied polyelectrolytes raise on the grounds that the advantages of supportability are perceived in the scholarly world and in modern examination settings. Polyelectrolytes are a form of polymer that has endless ionizable practical arrangements. Ionized polyelectrolytes in arrangement can form a complex with oppositely charged particle called a polyelectrolyte complex. The review article emphasizes on PECs and their classification, characterization, as well as a critical analysis of the current research and applicability in drug delivery technology.