The knowledge-based voluntary activity covered by the research, the pro bono, which will be introduced from the aspect of employer branding. The primary results of the research described in the study are the outcome of a quantitative data collection process, where 840 evaluable questionnaires were processed in the course of a pretested standardized questionnaire survey. On top of that, during the research we were able to confirm that the motivation of volunteering is connected to the individual values, hence it can be stated that the reason behind the unwillingness of young people less motivated towards volunteer work is the immature value orientation and often the lack of information, instead of the sharp isolation rooted in the values or the lack of empathy. The introduced results may provide practical guidance to the institutions and companies organizing pro bono activities, and especially to the organizations that intend to address the young generation.

The focus of this study is to examine the investment project process. Since investment can also be considered as economic interactions, certain risks are associated with their implementation. Risk factors were given a particular priority during the secondary and primary research, while determining the most relevant risk factors of investment project processes in relation to the B2B market. The risk map for investment project processes was created in line with the relevant secondary sources, qualitative and quantitative primary results. This is topical because the importance of investments is unquestionable in a market economy. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment might provide results that are useful for both supply and demand side actors in B2B market relations. Based on the results of the primary study, the perceived risks of the project process were defined, and they were structured into a risk hierarchy system. Based on the qualitative results, we performed a quantitative study. Based on the responses of the sample subjects, we determined the perceived risk factors, and on the basis of them, we segmented the service provider (contractor) market. The main socio-demographic characteristics of each segment were also explored in the framework of the research.

This study aims to develop a framework by incorporating well-proven project management techniques to help startup owners effectively set up ventures and secure early-stage financing. Startups not only open ways for innovative and updated technologies in the markets but also bring employment opportunities in a country that eventually increase productivity and the per capita income of a country. Despite all the benefits, the success rate of startups is meager, especially in developing countries, due to ineffective management and vague business plans. Therefore, this study aims to facilitate entrepreneurs using well-proven project management techniques from the literature and devise a new framework applied to a business case, as discussed in this paper. This study presents an approach to project management techniques for smartphone app-based startups. This study utilizes the fuzzy PERT (FPERT) for the best completion time and budget estimates. Experts’ opinions from eight private limited companies have been analyzed using FPERT. The critical path method (CPM) is also used to schedule activities. Finally, a techno-economic analysis is also performed to show the growth potential of such a startup, e-Karsaz. This study aims to help startups secure early-stage financing. Tech-based business ideas need to be commercialized in developing countries like Pakistan. There is a need to show long-term profitability to make an idea stand out among others and secure early-stage financing. The scope of project management techniques is confined to construction-based projects. The results show that it would take around 692 days for the e-Karsaz startup to become fully operational, with the capital budget estimated at around PKR 1.3 billion. The techno-economic analysis shows the project is economically viable with an internal rate of return (IRR) equal to 92 percent and a benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) equal to 10. The sensitivity analysis, including five scenarios of weighted average cost of capital (WACC), shows that the project remains economically viable even if the required rate of return goes over 20 percent. This study is helpful for startups to make time and budget estimates and to show the growth potential to secure early-stage financing.