The present study aimed to assess the impact of municipal solid waste dumpsite on groundwater bodies at Hyderabad, India. Leachate and groundwater samples collected through pre- and post-monsoon analyzed the physicochemical, microbiological, biological and heavy metals. The analytical data were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking water quality standards. Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution indices like heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination (Cd) are calculated for groundwater samples. High total dissolve solids values in leachates revealed that they were highly contaminated with organic and inorganic salts. Biological oxygen demand values indicated that dumpsite was “old and stabilized” with decreasing biodegradability from time to time. According to WQI, about 75% of the water samples identified as “Poor” category that is not suitable for neither drinking nor domestic purposes as per BIS standards. Similarly, HEI and Cd results indicated that majority of the samples are labeled with low-metal pollution status. Spatial patterns obtained through geographic information systems using inverse distance weighted interpolation technique revealed that the concentrations of various parameters are high due to increased degradation of solid wastes during rainfall, especially during the post-monsoon. The study suggested that leachates have treated prior to disposal on land, and continuous monitoring of groundwater wells is required to minimize the pollution and potential health hazards.

Seasonal variations in hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater were assessed from an intensive agricultural region to identify contaminants of concern that are a potential risk to human health. A total of 116 groundwater samples were collected grid-wise from an intensive agricultural region of confined Wanaparthy watershed to evaluate seasonal variations in hydrogeochemical processes of dissolved ions, nitrate health risk assessment and water quality during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons. The major ions concentration found in ascending order as PRM: F- < NO3-< SO42-< HCO3-< Cl- and K+< Mg+2< Ca+2< Na+ while POM: F- < NO3-< SO42-< Cl-< HCO3- and K+< Ca+2< Mg+2< Na+ respectively. Piper diagram for water-types shows PRM; Na-Cl type (70.68%) while POM; Ca-Mg-Cl type (39.66%) and Ca-HCO3 type (31.03%). Gibbs diagram explained the favorable environmental conditions as rock and evaporation dominance in both seasons. Spatial distribution map shows samples with higher and above permissible limits are found at/near to adjoining to higher-order streams and streams origin. As per the water quality index (WQI), 36.21% (PRM) and 60.34% (POM) fall in poor to unfit for drinking class. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of nitrate reach as high as for infants 1.31E + 01, children 1.23E + 01 and adults 4.68E + 00 respectively. Subsequently, HQ>1 with 68.97% of infants and 72.41% of children are in danger for non-carcinogenic ingestion of nitrate contaminated groundwater than in adults.