This up-to-date and comprehensive literature study provides a rich overview of recent developments in several solar still types. This review examines a large number of theoretical, experimental, and computational studies connected to the single-slope, double-slope, solar still with a condenser, hybrid, and other limited types of solar stills. To make the work more relevant to readers, the authors provide a panoramic view of solar still varieties as well as a complete overview of the most recently published review papers in the solar stills field. The most important conclusions drawn from prior research are carefully discussed and outlined in a useful table to give interested researchers a good road map of many various sorts of solar stills and encourage them to pursue new research avenues in this field. The foremost key results of the evaluated work are presented in a table for readers’ convenience. The results indicated that the absorption in the basin was improved by adding charcoal, matt, sponge, jute and cotton clothes, dye, wick, porous or energy-storing material, black rubber, and floating absorber sheet. Moreover, the productivity of solar stills was significantly improved by using the inclined external flat-plate reflector, combined stills, condenser, sun tracking system, reflectors, greenhouse, hot water tank, solar collector, heat exchanger, and solar pond. Further, heat loss was minimized by re-utilizing the latent heat of condensation, cover cooling, and increasing the insulation thickness.

This study concentrates on adaptive event‐triggered control of complex dynamical networks with unpredictable coupling delays and stochastic deception attacks. The adaptive event‐triggered mechanism is used to avoid the wasting of limited bandwidth. The probability of data communicated by the network is established by statistical properties and Bernoulli stochastic variables with an uncertain occurrence probability. Stability analysis based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. Using the LMI technique, we obtain triggered parameters. To demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the suggested methodology, two examples are shown.

Thermal energy storage via the use of latent heat and phase transition materials is a popular technology in energy storage systems. It is vital to research different thermal enhancement techniques to further improve phase transition materials’ weak thermal conductivity in these systems. This work addresses the creation of a basic shell and a tube thermal storage device with wavy outer walls. Then, two key methods for thermal augmentation are discussed: fins and the use of a nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM). Using the enthalpy–porosity methodology, a numerical model is developed to highlight the viability of designing such a model utilizing reduced assumptions, both for engineering considerations and real-time predictive control methods. Different concentrations of copper nanoparticles (0, 2, and 4 vol%) and wavenumbers (4,6 and 8) are investigated in order to obtain the best heat transmission and acceleration of the melting process. The time required to reach total melting in the studied TES system is reduced by 14% and 31% in the examined TES system, respectively, when NePCM (4 vol% nanoparticles) and N = 8 are used instead of pure PCM and N = 4. The finding from this investigation could be used to design a shell-and-tube base thermal energy storage unit.

In this article, we propose a generalized class of exponential factor type estimators for estimation of the finite population distribution function (PDF) using an auxiliary variable in the form of the mean and rank of the auxiliary variable exist. The expressions of the bias and mean square error of the estimators are computed up to the first order approximation. The proposed estimators provide minimum mean square error as compared to all other considered estimators. Three real data sets are used to check the performance of the proposed estimators. Moreover, simulation studies are also carried out to observe the performances of the proposed estimators. The proposed estimators confirmed their superiority numerically as well as theoretically by producing efficient results as compared to all other competing estimators.

In this paper, we study depth and Stanley depth of the quotient rings of the edge ideals associated to triangular and multi triangular snake and triangular and multi triangular ouroboros snake graphs. In some cases, we find exact values, otherwise, we find tight bounds. We also find lower bounds for the edge ideals of triangular and multi triangular snake and ouroboros snake graphs and prove a conjecture of Herzog for all edge ideals we considered.