The results of experimental studies in the manufacture of components of the supporting structure of the first wall panel, carried out as part of the manufacture of a model of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) using laser welding technology, are presented. The influence of laser welding modes on the quality of formation, microstructure characteristics, and mechanical properties of a welded joint made of 10 mm thick 316L steel was studied. A coaxial nozzle was designed and manufactured to protect the weld pool with a curved trajectory. The mechanical properties of the welded joint are 98–100% that of the base metal, and the microhardness of the welded joint and base metal is in the range of 180–230 HV. It was established that the lower part of the weld metal on the fusion line has transcrystalline grains and differs in δ-ferrite content; due to a high welding speed, the ratio of the depth to the width of the welding seam is 14 times. The width of the rectilinear part of the seam is 15–20% larger than its curved part.

The paper studies laser welding of thin-thickness Ti-6Al-4V parts, manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). A full factorial experiment was carried out in order to construct a regression model of the technological parameters (laser power, welding speed, and defocusing amount) which influence the weld shape. Metallographic analysis was carried out and it was found that thermal cycles of product printing and laser welding are equivalent. The microhardness analysis also showed no differences between the weld metal and the base metal. The contour plots of the parameters influence on the response function was constructed, and the area of welding modes was determined.

В работе изложены результаты сравнения лазерных и дуговых способов сварки. Были разработаны режимы для лазерной, гибридной лазерно-­дуговой и лазерной сварки с присадочной проволокой пластин из Ст3 толщиной 10 мм. На разработанных режимах сварено по три контрольных стыка для каждого способа сварки. Проведены металлографические исследования, показывающие стабильное формирование сварного соединения и отсутствие внутренних дефектов. Проведена оценка остаточных деформаций для следующих видов сварки: лазерная, гибридная лазерно-­дуговая, лазерная с присадочной проволокой, односторонняя и двусторонняя ручная дуговая, односторонняя и двусторонняя механизированная в активных газах и смесях. Контрольные образцы по каждому виду сварки были проанализированы на уровень остаточных деформаций после сварки методом сравнения геометрических размеров и с помощью 3D-сканирования. Проведен сравнительный технико-­экономический анализ способов сварки.