Dental caries is a major global health concern, with Streptococcus mutans playing a key role in biofilm formation and acid production, which lead to enamel demineralization. Natural products, particularly plant-derived extracts, offer promising alternatives to conventional antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of Ferula varia 70% ethanol extract (FVE) and evaluate its potential to inhibit biofilm formation by S. mutans. The aerial parts of F. varia were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed using LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS to determine the chemical profile. The anti-biofilm activity of FVE was evaluated using a crystal violet assay against S. mutans. Phytochemical analysis identified 14 compounds, including major phenolic acids (e.g., chlorogenic acid, gallic acid) and flavonoids (e.g., isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside). FVE exhibited significant, dose-dependent inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation. Importantly, the FVE concentration of 5 mg/mL inhibited S. mutans biofilm development by 100%. The potent antibiofilm activity of FVE against S. mutans is likely due to the synergistic action of its rich content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess known anti-virulence properties. These findings support the potential use of FVE as a natural ingredient in oral hygiene products to prevent dental plaque and caries.

In world practice interest in herbal medicines is noticeably increasing every year. From this point of view, plants of the ThymusL. genus of the Lamiaceaefamily are of undoubted interest. Previously we have obtained a dry extract from the aerial part of an endemic plant of the flora of Kazakhstan Thymus crebrifoliusKlokovfor the first time by double extraction of raw plant materials with 70% ethanol using ultrasound. Dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliushas a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including against Helicobacter pylori, while it is not toxic, and can be used as an antimicrobial agent. The article presents the results of a study of the composition of phenolic compounds of dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliususing a combined HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS method. 12 phenolic compounds have been identified and quantified in the dry extract of Thy-mus crebrifolius. Four of them are phenolic acids, and eight are flavonoids. The dominant phenolic compounds are luteolin-7-O-glucoside (109.00mg g−1),rosmarinic acid (30.98mg g−1), naringenin (24.84 mg g−1), epicat-echin (9.98mg g−1),myricetin (6.15mg g−1) and gallic acid (3.41mg g−1). The results of chromatographic analysis will be used to standardize drugs based on dry extract of Thymus crebrifolius.

In response to the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance, plant-derived compounds are increasingly being explored as safe and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This study focused on the development of solid oral dosage forms based on a dry extract of Salvia stepposa (MVSHS-40), rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids with proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The extract was obtained using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with 40% ethanol, yielding up to 6% rosmarinic acid as the dominant bioactive compound, along with caffeic and p-coumaric acids, and flavonoids such as apigenin, naringenin, and luteolin. The tablets were formulated by direct compression using microcrystalline cellulose, EMDEX, citric acid, and calcium stearate, with some variants incorporating essential oils. Out of more than 30 experimental variants, five optimized compositions were selected. Physicochemical and pharmacopeial evaluations confirmed excellent disintegration times (79%), uniform mass, high mechanical strength (≥107 N), and minimal friability (≥99.99%). HPLC-UV/MS analysis quantified 3.046 mg of rosmarinic acid per tablet. Comparative analysis revealed a 5.5-fold increase in active content over commercial Salvia officinalis tablets while avoiding thujone-related safety concerns. Stability studies over 18 months demonstrated sustained integrity of pharmacological properties. The resulting MVSHS-40 tablets meet all quality specifications and represent a safe, stable, and effective herbal formulation with potential applications in the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.

Background/Objectives: This study compared five ultrasound-assisted extracts of Prunella vulgaris L. prepared with water or aqueous ethanol (30%, 50%, 70%, and 96%) and evaluated their phytochemical composition and preliminary antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, brine-shrimp lethality, and antioxidant properties. Methods: Gallic acid and rosmarinic acid were quantified in all five extracts by a validated HPLC-UV method, with LC-ESI-MS used to support compound identification. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth serial dilution and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. General toxicity screening was performed using the Artemia salina lethality assay. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by a ferricyanide reducing-power assay and the DPPH radical-scavenging assay. Results: Rosmarinic acid was detected in all extracts and was most abundant in PV70 (7.6%). PV70 showed MIC values of 12.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. In the carrageenan model, PV70 produced 76.8% inhibition of paw-weight gain at 25 mg/kg, whereas diclofenac produced 66.6% inhibition at 10 mg/kg; this numerical comparison was descriptive and was not interpreted as evidence of superiority. The tested extracts caused low mortality of Artemia salina under the experimental conditions. Conclusions: The findings identify PV70 as a chemically distinct extract with notable activity in the screening models used. Because the extracts are multicomponent mixtures and mechanistic biomarkers were not measured, the observed biological effects cannot be attributed to rosmarinic acid alone. Further work is required to confirm mechanisms, safety, standardization, and efficacy.

The article presents the results of a chemical study of Tanacetopsis pjataevae, which is an endemic plant in Ka-zakhstan. The number of extractive substances was obtained by extraction with chloroform from the air-dry crushed above-ground part of the plant collected in the flowering phase. Isolation of compounds was carried out by column chromatography on a column of silica gel brand KSK at a ratio of sum - carrier = 1:20. A colorless crystalline substance of the composition C15H18O4 with m.p. 189–191°C (recrystallized from diethyl ether) was found when the column was eluted with a mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (87.5:12.5). The structure of the obtained new compound (3-oxo-10β-hydroxy-5,7α(Н),6β(Н)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide) was estab-lished based on IR, NMR analysis and mass spectra. The spatial structure was determined by the X-ray diffrac-tion method. It was established that the 3-oxo-10β-hydroxy-5,7α(Н),6β(Н)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide mole-cule in the crystal is disordered over two conformational states in the 6 :4 ratio. The stability of these conformers was confirmed by semi-empirical quantum-chemical calculations. It was established that the difference in the heat of formation of two conformers was 6.3 kJ/mol for a free molecule.