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In the present study, the wear behaviour of two aluminium alloys (AA-5754 and AA-5083) is analysed where these have been previously processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) with equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In order to achieve the objectives of this study, several disks made of these alloys are manufactured by isothermal forging from different initial states. The microstructures of the initial materials analysed in this study have different accumulated deformation levels. In order to compare the properties of the nanostructured materials with those which have not been ECAP-processed, several disks with a height of 6 mm and a diameter of 35 mm are manufactured from both aluminium alloys (that is, AA-5754 and AA-5083) isothermally forged at temperatures of 150 and 200 °C, respectively. These thus-manufactured disks are tested under a load of 0.6 kN, which is equivalent to a stress mean value of 18 MPa, and at a rotational speed of 200 rpm. In order to determine the wear values, the disks are weighed at the beginning, at 10,000 revolutions, at 50,000 revolutions and at 100,000 revolutions, and then the volume-loss values are calculated. This study was carried out using specific equipment, which may be considered to have a block-on-ring configuration, developed for testing in-service wear behaviour of mechanical components. From this, the wear coefficients for the two materials at different initial states are obtained. In addition, a comparison is made between the behaviour of the previously ECAP-processed aluminium alloys and those that are non-ECAP-processed. A methodology is proposed to determine wear coefficients for the aluminium alloys under consideration, which may be used to predict the wear behaviour. It is demonstrated that AA-5754 and AA-5083 aluminium alloys improve wear behaviour after the ECAP process compared to that obtained in non-ECAP-processed materials.
Carmelo J. Luis Pérez; Rodrigo Luri Irigoyen; Ignacio Puertas Arbizu; Daniel Salcedo Pérez; Javier León Iriarte; Juan P. Fuertes Bonel. Analysis of Tribological Properties in Disks of AA-5754 and AA-5083 Aluminium Alloys Previously Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Isothermally Forged. Metals 2020, 10, 938 .
AMA StyleCarmelo J. Luis Pérez, Rodrigo Luri Irigoyen, Ignacio Puertas Arbizu, Daniel Salcedo Pérez, Javier León Iriarte, Juan P. Fuertes Bonel. Analysis of Tribological Properties in Disks of AA-5754 and AA-5083 Aluminium Alloys Previously Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Isothermally Forged. Metals. 2020; 10 (7):938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmelo J. Luis Pérez; Rodrigo Luri Irigoyen; Ignacio Puertas Arbizu; Daniel Salcedo Pérez; Javier León Iriarte; Juan P. Fuertes Bonel. 2020. "Analysis of Tribological Properties in Disks of AA-5754 and AA-5083 Aluminium Alloys Previously Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Isothermally Forged." Metals 10, no. 7: 938.
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes have attracted a great deal of both scientific and technological interest over the last few years as a consequence of the improvements that are possible to obtain in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials manufactured through the use of these kind of processes. However, the practical applications of such materials to obtain mechanical components are significantly fewer. As a direct consequence, the same thing has been observed in the development of studies that show the in-service behaviour of the mechanical components developed in this way. Since one of the industrial objectives of these SPD processes is to obtain functional parts, it is necessary to carry out studies to fill this gap. Therefore, in this study, an analysis of the wear that cams undergo when manufactured from an AA5083 aluminium-magnesium alloy is carried out. The cams were isothermally-forged from materials with and without previous SPD processing by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Subsequently, the wear behaviour of these cams was analysed by using specific equipment, which may have been considered to have a block-on-ring configuration, developed for testing in-service wear behaviour of mechanical parts. From this comparative wear study with cams, it is shown that previously-processed materials by ECAP have a better wear performance. Moreover, finite element modelling (FEM) simulations were also included to predict wear in the cams processed in this way. A good agreement between FEM and experimental results was obtained. It is this aspect of performing the wear tests on functional and real mechanical components, and not on laboratory samples, which makes this present research work novel.
C. J. Luis Pérez; R. Luri Irigoyen; J. P. Fuertes Bonel; J. León Iriarte; D. Salcedo Pérez; I. Puertas Arbizu. Experimental and FEM Analysis of Wear Behaviour in AA5083 Ultrafine-Grained Cams. Metals 2020, 10, 479 .
AMA StyleC. J. Luis Pérez, R. Luri Irigoyen, J. P. Fuertes Bonel, J. León Iriarte, D. Salcedo Pérez, I. Puertas Arbizu. Experimental and FEM Analysis of Wear Behaviour in AA5083 Ultrafine-Grained Cams. Metals. 2020; 10 (4):479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. J. Luis Pérez; R. Luri Irigoyen; J. P. Fuertes Bonel; J. León Iriarte; D. Salcedo Pérez; I. Puertas Arbizu. 2020. "Experimental and FEM Analysis of Wear Behaviour in AA5083 Ultrafine-Grained Cams." Metals 10, no. 4: 479.
Over the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the study and development of processes that make it possible to obtain ultra-fine grained materials. Although there exists a large number of published works related to the improvement of the mechanical properties in these materials, there are only a few studies that analyse their in-service behaviour (fatigue and wear). In order to bridge the gap, in this present work, the fatigue and wear results obtained for connecting rods manufactured by using two different aluminium alloys (AA5754 and AA5083) previously deformed by severe plastic deformation (SPD), using Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), in order to obtain the ultrafine grain size in the processed materials are shown. For both aluminium alloys, two initial states were studied: annealed and ECAPed. The connecting rods were manufactured from the previously processed materials by using isothermal forging. Fatigue and wear experiments were carried out in order to characterize the in-service behaviour of the components. A comparative study of the results was made for both initial states of the materials. Furthermore, Finite Element Modelling (FEM) simulations were used in order to compare experimental results with those obtained from simulations. In addition, dimensional wear coefficients were found for each of the aluminium alloys and initial deformation states. This research work aims to progress the knowledge of the behaviour of components manufactured from ultrafine grain materials.
Rodrigo Luri; Carmelo J. Luis; Javier León; Juan P. Fuertes; Daniel Salcedo; Ignacio Puertas. Analysis of Fatigue and Wear Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Connecting Rods. Metals 2017, 7, 289 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Luri, Carmelo J. Luis, Javier León, Juan P. Fuertes, Daniel Salcedo, Ignacio Puertas. Analysis of Fatigue and Wear Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Connecting Rods. Metals. 2017; 7 (8):289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Luri; Carmelo J. Luis; Javier León; Juan P. Fuertes; Daniel Salcedo; Ignacio Puertas. 2017. "Analysis of Fatigue and Wear Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Connecting Rods." Metals 7, no. 8: 289.
In this present research work, a new modelling of energy density in EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) is proposed. Energy density can be defined as the amount of energy needed to get a unit volume of material removed, and for its modelling, the whole EDM process has been taken into account. This new definition lets us quantify the energy density that is being absorbed by the workpiece and the electrode. Results are compared to those obtained by die sinking EDM in an Inconel ®600 alloy using Cu-C electrodes. Currently, this material is of great interest for industrial applications in the nuclear, aeronautical and chemical sectors, due to their combinations of good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and extreme hardness at very high temperatures. The experimental results confirm that the use of negative polarity leads to a higher material removal rate, higher electrode wear and higher surface roughness. Moreover, the optimal condition to obtain a maximum MRR (Material Removal Rate) of 30.49 mm3/min was: 8 A, 100 µs and 0.6, respectively, for the current intensity, pulse time and duty cycle.
Alexia Torres Salcedo; Ignacio Puertas Arbizu; Carmelo J. Luis Pérez. Analytical Modelling of Energy Density and Optimization of the EDM Machining Parameters of Inconel 600. Metals 2017, 7, 166 .
AMA StyleAlexia Torres Salcedo, Ignacio Puertas Arbizu, Carmelo J. Luis Pérez. Analytical Modelling of Energy Density and Optimization of the EDM Machining Parameters of Inconel 600. Metals. 2017; 7 (5):166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexia Torres Salcedo; Ignacio Puertas Arbizu; Carmelo J. Luis Pérez. 2017. "Analytical Modelling of Energy Density and Optimization of the EDM Machining Parameters of Inconel 600." Metals 7, no. 5: 166.
This present research work deals with the development of ultrafine grained cams obtained from previously ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing)-processed material and manufactured by isothermal forging. The design and the manufacturing of the dies required for the isothermal forging of the cams are shown. Optimization techniques based on the combination of design of experiments, finite element and finite volume simulations are employed to develop the dies. A comparison is made between the mechanical properties obtained with the cams manufactured from material with no previous deformation and with those from previously SPD (Severe Plastic Deformation)-processed material. In addition, a comparative study between the experimental results and those obtained from the simulations is carried out. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to obtain ultrafine grained cams with an increase of 10.3% in the microhardness mean value as compared to that obtained from material with no previous deformation.
Daniel Salcedo; Carmelo J. Luis; Rodrigo Luri; Ignacio Puertas; Javier León; Juan P. Fuertes. Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of AA5083 Ultrafine Grained Cams. Metals 2017, 7, 116 .
AMA StyleDaniel Salcedo, Carmelo J. Luis, Rodrigo Luri, Ignacio Puertas, Javier León, Juan P. Fuertes. Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of AA5083 Ultrafine Grained Cams. Metals. 2017; 7 (4):116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Salcedo; Carmelo J. Luis; Rodrigo Luri; Ignacio Puertas; Javier León; Juan P. Fuertes. 2017. "Design and Mechanical Properties Analysis of AA5083 Ultrafine Grained Cams." Metals 7, no. 4: 116.
The most important difficulties when the behaviour of a part that is subjected to external mechanical forces is simulated deal with the determination of both the material thermo-mechanical properties and its boundary conditions. The accuracy of the results obtained from the simulation is directly related to the knowledge of the flow stress curve. Therefore, the determination of a material flow rule which is valid for both a wide temperature range and different initial deformation conditions in the starting material presents a great deal of interest when simulation results close to the experimental values are required to be obtained. In this present study, a novel flow stress curve is proposed that is able to accurately predict the behaviour of both materials with no previous accumulated strain and materials that have been previously subjected to severe plastic deformation processes. Moreover, it is possible to use it both for hot and cold working. The results are analysed in a wide test temperature range, which varies from room temperature to 300 °C, and from material previously processed by angular channel extrusion or with no previous strain accumulated. It is shown that the flow rule proposed is effective to model the material behaviour in a wide temperature range and it makes it possible to take the recrystallization phenomena that appear in previously deformed materials into account. In addition, the results obtained are compared with those predicted by other flow rules that exist in the prior literature. Furthermore, the study is complemented with finite element simulations and with a comparison between simulation and experimental results.
Javier León; Carmelo J. Luis; Juan P. Fuertes; Ignacio Puertas; Rodrigo Luri; Daniel Salcedo. A Proposal of a Constitutive Description for Aluminium Alloys in Both Cold and Hot Working. Metals 2016, 6, 244 .
AMA StyleJavier León, Carmelo J. Luis, Juan P. Fuertes, Ignacio Puertas, Rodrigo Luri, Daniel Salcedo. A Proposal of a Constitutive Description for Aluminium Alloys in Both Cold and Hot Working. Metals. 2016; 6 (10):244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier León; Carmelo J. Luis; Juan P. Fuertes; Ignacio Puertas; Rodrigo Luri; Daniel Salcedo. 2016. "A Proposal of a Constitutive Description for Aluminium Alloys in Both Cold and Hot Working." Metals 6, no. 10: 244.
Nowadays, graphite is one of the most popular electrode materials in electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes due to the high rate of removal material which reduces machining times. This reduction has a direct impact on the cost of manufacturing the parts. In this research, the influence of EDM parameters and graphite electrode in an INCONEL 600 alloy has been studied for both positive and negative polarity. To do so, the machining performances of the process are evaluated in terms of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear (EW), and surface roughness (SR). Results confirm that the use of negative polarity leads to higher material removal rate whereas positive polarity is recommended when low values of EW and a good surface roughness are needed. Moreover, values of 22.2854 and 15.3602 mm3/min are achieved for negative and positive polarity, respectively. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to study the results obtained in economic terms for industrial purposes. To that end, both production costs and production time of the graphite electrode are compared with those obtained for copper electrodes. It will be shown that graphite electrodes and negative polarity are the most economical within the options considered.
A. Torres; I. Puertas; C. J. Luis. EDM machinability and surface roughness analysis of INCONEL 600 using graphite electrodes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2015, 84, 2671 -2688.
AMA StyleA. Torres, I. Puertas, C. J. Luis. EDM machinability and surface roughness analysis of INCONEL 600 using graphite electrodes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2015; 84 (9-12):2671-2688.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Torres; I. Puertas; C. J. Luis. 2015. "EDM machinability and surface roughness analysis of INCONEL 600 using graphite electrodes." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 84, no. 9-12: 2671-2688.
Over these last few years, there has been a growing interest in developing mechanical components from submicrometric materials due to the significant improvement that these materials present compared to their original state. This present research work deals with the study of the mechanical properties of a connecting rod isothermally forged from different starting materials. These materials are as follows: annealed aluminum alloy (AA) 5754, the same alloy previously deformed through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and a third case where the previously ECAP-processed material is subjected to a recovery heat treatment. A comparison is made between finite volume (FV) simulations and experimental tests with respect to hardness, plastic strain and forging force. Furthermore, the improvement in the mechanical properties of the connecting rod forged from predeformed material is evaluated in comparison to the connecting rod forged with annealed material. The microstructure of both cases is also compared at the end of the manufacturing process.
Javier León; Daniel Salcedo; Óscar Murillo; Carmelo J. Luis; Juan P. Fuertes; Ignacio Puertas; Rodrigo Luri. Mechanical Properties Analysis of an Al-Mg Alloy Connecting Rod with Submicrometric Structure. Metals 2015, 5, 1397 -1413.
AMA StyleJavier León, Daniel Salcedo, Óscar Murillo, Carmelo J. Luis, Juan P. Fuertes, Ignacio Puertas, Rodrigo Luri. Mechanical Properties Analysis of an Al-Mg Alloy Connecting Rod with Submicrometric Structure. Metals. 2015; 5 (3):1397-1413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier León; Daniel Salcedo; Óscar Murillo; Carmelo J. Luis; Juan P. Fuertes; Ignacio Puertas; Rodrigo Luri. 2015. "Mechanical Properties Analysis of an Al-Mg Alloy Connecting Rod with Submicrometric Structure." Metals 5, no. 3: 1397-1413.
In the last years, new severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes have been developed in order to produce very high values of deformation in the materials to be processed, with only small changes in the size of parts. This is not possible through conventional thermo-mechanical processes, in which the increase up to the above-mentioned values of deformation is usually associated with a change in their geometry. As is well-known, with enough accumulation of plastic deformation, a new submicrometric or even nanometric grain structure substitutes the former. Given that the grain size in metallic materials has a great deal of influence on their mechanical properties, the refinement of this grain size provides enormous technological advantages. For instance, at low values of temperature, a fine grain size can increase mechanical strength, hardness, fracture toughness and the material fatigue limit. Furthermore, at high values of temperature, the alloys with an ultrafine grain size may exhibit a superplastic behaviour and thus, the ability to undergo very high values of deformation with no damage to the material. The continuous combined drawing process in angular channels (CCDR) is a new concept of severe plastic deformation process (SPD), developed by researchers belonging to the Public University of Navarre and based on the patent (ES 2224787). In the present work, finite element analysis will be employed in order to study not only the strain distribution in the processed materials but also the homogeneity of the introduced strain. Moreover, experimental results will be compared to that obtained by using FEM. With the present work, it will be shown that it is feasible to achieve a process with possible industrial application, making the continuous processing of metallic materials in angular channels by SPD possible.
C. J. Luis; D. Salcedo; R. Luri; J. León; I. Puertas. FEM Modelling of the Continuous Combined Drawing and Rolling Process for Severe Plastic Deformation of Metallic Materials. Advanced Structured Materials 2014, 17 -45.
AMA StyleC. J. Luis, D. Salcedo, R. Luri, J. León, I. Puertas. FEM Modelling of the Continuous Combined Drawing and Rolling Process for Severe Plastic Deformation of Metallic Materials. Advanced Structured Materials. 2014; ():17-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. J. Luis; D. Salcedo; R. Luri; J. León; I. Puertas. 2014. "FEM Modelling of the Continuous Combined Drawing and Rolling Process for Severe Plastic Deformation of Metallic Materials." Advanced Structured Materials , no. : 17-45.
In this research work, a comparative study between the precision obtained with a touch probe (TP-200) and that obtained with a scanning probe (SP-25) is carried out for a specific coordinate measuring machine (CMM). These two types of probes cover the most commonly used contact probes in CMMs, where touch probes work by making contacts with the part and scanning probes maintain the contact with the part as they scan along its surface. In order to do this, one part was manufactured by machining and a series of measurements were taken over it at distinct locations in the CMM working volume. This part consists of parallel planes with different height values (70 mm, 45 mm, 25 mm and 10 mm) from the horizontal plane located on the granite table. The above-mentioned part was measured at five different locations distributed along the working volume and the measurements were repeated three times, where all of them were taken at a temperature of 20 °C ± 1 °C. Moreover, not only the CMM uncertainty is taken into account but also the variability associated with the manufactured part along with the measuring process of it.
I. Puertas; C.J. Luis Pérez; D. Salcedo; J. León; R. Luri; J.P. Fuertes. Precision Study of a Coordinate Measuring Machine Using Several Contact Probes. Procedia Engineering 2013, 63, 547 -555.
AMA StyleI. Puertas, C.J. Luis Pérez, D. Salcedo, J. León, R. Luri, J.P. Fuertes. Precision Study of a Coordinate Measuring Machine Using Several Contact Probes. Procedia Engineering. 2013; 63 ():547-555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Puertas; C.J. Luis Pérez; D. Salcedo; J. León; R. Luri; J.P. Fuertes. 2013. "Precision Study of a Coordinate Measuring Machine Using Several Contact Probes." Procedia Engineering 63, no. : 547-555.
In this work, a material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear (EW) study on the die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM) of siliconised or reaction-bonded silicon carbide (SiSiC) has been carried out. The selection of the above-mentioned conductive ceramic was made taking into account its wide range of applications in the industrial field: high-temperature gas turbines, bearings, seals and lining of industrial furnaces. This study was made only for the finish stages and has been carried out on the influence of five design factors: intensity supplied by the generator of the EDM machine (I), pulse time (ti), duty cycle (η), open-circuit voltage (U) and dielectric flushing pressure (P), over the two previously mentioned response variables. This has been done by means of the technique of design of experiments (DOE), which allows us to carry out the above-mentioned analysis performing a relatively small number of experiments. In this case, a 25−1 fractional factorial design, whose resolution is V, has been selected considering the number of factors considered in the present study. The resolution of this fractional design allows us to estimate all the main effects, two-factor interactions and pure quadratic effects of the five design factors selected to perform this study.
C.J. Luis; I. Puertas; G. Villa. Material removal rate and electrode wear study on the EDM of silicon carbide. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 2005, 164-165, 889 -896.
AMA StyleC.J. Luis, I. Puertas, G. Villa. Material removal rate and electrode wear study on the EDM of silicon carbide. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2005; 164-165 ():889-896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.J. Luis; I. Puertas; G. Villa. 2005. "Material removal rate and electrode wear study on the EDM of silicon carbide." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 164-165, no. : 889-896.