Background: Chronic comorbidities are often associated with higher risks of depression and mortality. This study aims to explore the relationships between the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and depression, and their combined effect on mortality.Methods: This study made use of data gathered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, including a collective of 23,927 adult participants. According to CCI score distribution, CCI was categorized into three groups (T1 with CCI = 0; T2 with CCI = 1; T3 with CCI ≥ 2). In the CCI ≥ 2 group, patients may have two or more chronic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between CCI and depression. The study utilized the Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the association between CCI, the combination of CCI and depression, and all-cause mortality.Results: Our analysis revealed that after adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association was found between CCI and depression (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.29). Moreover, a greater CCI was found to be closely linked to higher mortality in individuals with depression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.11, 1.18). Stratifying CCI into tertiles, higher tertiles of CCI (T2, T3 vs T1) also showed positive associations with depression and all-cause mortality. For patients with CCI ≥2 (T3) combined with depression, the risk of mortality was significantly elevated compared to those with CCI = 0 (T1) and non-depressed participants (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.52).Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate a positive correlation between CCI and the risk of depression, along with an association with increased all-cause mortality among depression patients. Hence, it is important to prioritize the clinical care of patients with a high CCI (≥2) and depression in order to lower the chances of mortality.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their clinical risk factors among patients with cancer and to offer clinical evidence to help manage CVD within this population. Patients with cancer who were aged ≥ 20 years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2020. The prevalence of CVD and its components was analyzed using weighted analysis to obtain standardized prevalence. Subgroup analyses for gender and age were also performed. Lastly, the clinical risk factors for CVD in patients with cancer were identified by conducting multivariable logistic regression. A total of 1729 individuals diagnosed with cancer were included, among which 432 had CVD. Weighted analysis further revealed that 21.21% (95%CI: 17.55-24.86) of the patients with cancer had CVD. Moreover, CVD prevalence was 25.12% in males and 18.30% in females (P = 0.01), while it was 26.93% in the age group of ≥ 65 years and 14.58% in the < 65 years age group (P < 0.001). In terms of CVD components, angina pectoris was diagnosed in 4.51% of the patients, myocardial infarction in 8.56%, coronary heart disease in 10.09%, heart failure in 5.08%, and stroke in 7.57%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), smoking history (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.39 for former smoking and OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.59-5.01 for current smoking), hypertension (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.81-4.28), diabetes (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.47-2.84), chronic kidney disease (CKD, OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34), and antineoplastic or other treatments (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 2.15-10.85) were statistically significant independent risk factors for CVD in patients with cancer. Patients with cancer have a weighted CVD prevalence of 21.21%, with male patients and those ≥ 65 years demonstrating a higher prevalence of CVD. Independent clinical risk factors for CVD in patients with cancer comprise age, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, CKD, and antineoplastic or other treatments.