Indoor air quality is an important health factor as we spend more than 80% of our time indoors. The primary type of indoor pollutant is particulate matter, high levels of which increase respiratory disease risk. Therefore, air purifiers are a common choice for addressing indoor air pollution. Compared with traditional filtration purifiers, negative ion air purifiers (NIAPs) have gained popularity due to their energy efficiency and lack of noise. Although some studies have shown that negative ions may offset the cardiorespiratory benefits of air purifiers, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a full-scale experiment using an in vitro airway model connected to a breathing simulator to mimic inhalation. The model was constructed using computed tomography scans of human airways and 3D-printing technology. We then quantified the effects of NIAPs on the administered dose of 0.5–2.5 μm particles in the small airway. Compared with the filtration purifier, the NIAP had a better dilution effect after a 1-h exposure and the cumulative administered dose to the small airway was reduced by 20%. In addition, increasing the negative ion concentration helped reduce the small airway exposure risk. NIAPs were found to be an energy-efficient air purification intervention that can effectively reduce the small airway particle exposure when a sufficient negative ion concentration is maintained.

Introduction: Respiratory viral infection (RVI) is of very concern after the outbreak of COVID-19, especially in pediatric departments. Learning pathogen spectrum of RVI in children previous the epidemic of COVID-19 could provide another perspective for understanding RVI under current situation and help to prepare for the post COVID-19 infection control.Methods: A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay, with 19 pairs of primers targeting various respiratory viruses, was used for multi-pathogen screening of viral infections in children presenting influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms. Children with ILI at the outpatient department of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital during the influenza epidemic from 12/2018 to 01/2019 were included. Throat swabs were obtained for both the influenza rapid diagnostic test (IRDT) based on the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay and the NASBA assay, targeting various respiratory viruses with an integrated chip technology.Results and discussion: Of 519 patients, 430 (82.9%) were positive in the NASBA assay. The predominant viral pathogens were influenza A H1N1 pdm1/2009 (pH1N1) (48.4%) and influenza A (H3N2) (18.1%), followed by human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (8.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (6.1%). Of the 320 cases identified with influenza A by NASBA, only 128 (40.0%) were positive in the IRDT. The IRDT missed pH1N1 significantly more frequently than A (H3N2) (P<0.01). Influenza A pH1N1 and A (H3N2) were the major pathogens in <6 years and 6-15 years old individuals respectively (P<0.05). In summary, influenza viruses were the major pathogens in children with ILI during the 2018-2019 winter influenza epidemic, while hMPV and RSV were non-negligible. The coexistence of multiple pathogen leading to respiratory infections is the normalcy in winter ILI cases.

The traditional approach to evaluating dietary quality is based on the achievement of the recommended intakes for each food group, which may overlook the achievement of correct relative proportions between food groups. We propose a “Dietary Non-Adherence Score (DNAS)” to assess the degree of similarity between subjects’ diets and those recommended in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG). Furthermore, it is important to incorporate the time-dependent nature of dietary quality into mortality prediction. This study investigated the association between long-term changes in adherence to the CDG and all-cause mortality. This study included 4533 participants aged 30–60 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey study with a median follow-up of 6.9 years. Intakes from 10 food groups were collected in 5 survey rounds from 2004 to 2015. We calculated the Euclidean distance between the intake of each food and the CDG-recommended intake, and then summed all the food groups as DNAS. Mortality was assessed in 2015. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to identify three classes of participants with distinct longitudinal trajectories of DNAS during the follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the risk of all-cause mortality in the three classes of people. Risk factors for death and confounders for diets were sequentially adjusted in the models. There were 187 deaths overall. Participants in the first class identified had consistently low and decreasing DNAS levels (coefficient = −0.020) over their lifetime, compared with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 12.7) for participants with consistently high and increasing DNAS levels (coefficient = 0.008). Those with moderate DNAS had an HR of 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 8.4). In summary, we find that people with consistently high adherence to CDG-recommended dietary patterns had a significantly lower mortality risk. DNAS is a promising method to assess diet quality.

Improving the health-related quality of life of individuals with chronic diseases is a key goal in chronic disease management. However, limited research has examined how personality traits influence health-related quality of life in this population. This study aimed to develop a unified model to investigate the mediating roles of self-efficacy and medication adherence in the relationship between personality traits and health-related quality of life among middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases. Data were obtained from the 2021 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), a multi-center, cross-sectional survey conducted in 120 cities across 22 provinces in China. The final analytic sample included 1,037 patients aged 45 and older who had been diagnosed with chronic diseases and were on medication. Standardized instruments were used to measure Big Five personality traits (10-item Big Five Inventory, BFI-10), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale, GSES), medication adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale, MARS), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire, EQ-5D-5 L). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the serial mediating roles of self-efficacy and medication adherence in the association between personality traits and health-related quality of life. The findings indicated that several personality traits, particularly Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism, were significantly associated with health-related quality of life. Self-efficacy and medication adherence sequentially mediated the relationship between personality traits and health-related quality of life. The proposed structural equation modeling showed good model fit (CFI = 0.996; RMSEA = 0.002), and the indirect effects were statistically significant based on bootstrapping results. This study advances understanding of the associations between personality traits and health-related quality of life in chronically ill middle-aged and older adults. By identifying self-efficacy and medication adherence as sequential mediators, the findings offer theoretical and practical insights for designing personalized behavioral interventions to improve health-related quality of life in this population.

Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global public health issue linked to adverse reproductive health outcomes, while menstrual symptoms (primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS)) are highly prevalent among reproductive-aged women. Evidence on the associations between IPV (overall and by type) and menstrual symptoms, as well as IPV’s modifying role in healthcare-seeking behaviour for these symptoms, remains limited in China.Methods This nationwide cross-sectional study used a two-stage sampling design, recruiting 4175 women aged 18–54 years (June–August 2025). IPV was assessed with a revised Extended-Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream scale (categorised as overall, physical, sexual and psychological violence). PD severity was rated via a 0–10 numerical scale, and PMS symptoms were broadly defined by self-reported presence of typical peri-menstrual symptoms. Healthcare-seeking behaviour for menstrual problems was a binary outcome. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regression models with cluster-robust SEs were used for analysis.Results The prevalence of IPV exposure was 59.59%, with psychological violence being the most common (80.10%). PD and broadly defined PMS symptoms were reported by 84.55% and 95.93% of participants, respectively while only 23.04% had sought formal healthcare for menstrual symptoms. After adjusting for confounders, IPV exposure was independently associated with increased odds of PD (OR=1.288, 95% CI 1.133 to 1.464) and PMS (OR=1.979, 95% CI 1.442 to 2.715), with psychological violence being the only significant subtype (PD: OR=1.180, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.386; PMS: OR=1.785, 95% CI 1.258 to 2.533). IPV modified the association between PMS and healthcare-seeking: PMS predicted care-seeking in non-exposed women (OR=2.357, 95% CI 1.166 to 4.765) but not in exposed women (OR=1.672, 95% CI 0.905 to 3.088). PD severity consistently drove healthcare-seeking across both groups.Conclusion IPV was associated with more severe menstrual symptoms and with a weaker association between PMS and formal healthcare-seeking among Chinese women. Integrating IPV-informed screening, menstrual health education and referral pathways into reproductive health services may help identify women with unmet needs and inform future longitudinal and intervention studies. It also could address unmet health needs and advance Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Sustainable Development Goal 5.