The present study aims to conduct a structured literature review based on the results found concerning the term 5-a-side football for individuals with visual impairments. The following keywords were used as descriptors in the reference search:...

VALIDACIÓN DEL IOLF5C PARA LA EFICACIA DEL LANZAMIENTO EN FÚTBOL PARA CIEGOS / VALIDATION OF THE IOLF5C INSTRUMENT FOR THE EFFICACY OF SHOOTING ON GOAL IN FOOTBALL FOR THE BLIND

El trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar la evidencia científica relacionada con el fútbol para personas amputadas. Para la búsqueda de referencia, se utilizó como descriptores las siguientes palabras clave: “Football” y “Amputee”. Los términos fueron introducidos en inglés en las siguientes bases de datos informatizadas: SPORTDiscus, PUBMED, Web Of Science y SCOPUS, considerando todos los documentos publicados hasta septiembre del 2020. Para limitar la búsqueda, se introdujeron cuatro criterios de inclusión: 1) Seleccionar documentos disponibles a texto completo o con resumen, 2) Contar con suficiente información relevante sobre el fútbol para personas con amputaciones (Mínimo 50 palabras), 3) Aportar información relacionada con la condición física, entrenamiento, lesiones y/o aspectos sociales de los jugadores de fútbol para personas con amputaciones, y 4) Estar escrito en español, inglés o portugués. La revisión sistemática exploratoria contó con diez documentos relacionados con el fútbol para personas con amputaciones. Los documentos existentes relacionados con la temática son escasos como consecuencia de la falta de evolución de esta modalidad. Estos manuscritos, en su mayoría, tratan aspectos como la fuerza y la resistencia. Además, un sólo documento habla de la utilización de dispositivos inerciales en sus mediciones. Por tanto, surge la necesidad de realizar nuevas investigaciones en el ámbito de fútbol para personas con amputaciones. The study aims to review the scientific evidence related to football for amputees. For the reference search, the following keywords were used as descriptors: “Football” and “Amputee”. The terms were entered in English in the following computerized databases: SPORTDiscus, PUBMED, Web of Science and SCOPUS, considering all the documents published up to September 2020. To limit the search, four inclusion criteria were introduced: 1) Select documents available in full text or with abstract, 2) Have enough relevant information about soccer for amputees (Minimum 50 words), 3) Provide information related to the physical condition, training, injuries and / or social aspects of the players of soccer for people with amputations, and 4) Be written in Spanish, English or Portuguese. The exploratory systematic review featured ten football related documents for amputees. The existing documents related to the subject are scarce as a consequence of the lack of evolution of this modality. These manuscripts, for the most part, deal with aspects such as strength and endurance. Furthermore, only one document talks about the use of inertial devices in their measurements. Therefore, there is a need for further research in the field of football for amputees.

Biomechanical analysis has been one of the most used procedures when aiming to improve performance in sports and is also very relevant and decisive in the final classification of competitive events in sports such as gymnastics. Hence, this study sought to provide an overview of the number of scientific literature publications related to biomechanics research in gymnastics. The document search was completed in March 2023 and reflected a bibliometric analysis considering the published manuscripts up to 31 December 2022. Data collection was performed on the Web of Science, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software (v1.6.19) for analysis and data processing. A total of 325 documents related to the topic under study were located. The results highlight that the older manuscripts date from 1980, with a growing trend of publications from that moment until now and a very visible increase in 2015, and that Sport Science is the category associated with more published manuscripts. A total of 30 manuscripts have 30 or more citations, 746 authors and co-authors are associated with the publications, and 58 co-authorships have published one or more studies. Moreover, 47 countries or regions have been associated with the topic under study, with the USA, England, and Australia being the countries with the most published articles and citations. The study also found that the highest frequency keywords are: “gymnastics” (n = 122), “biomechanics” (n = 73), “simulation” (n = 27), and “performance” (n = 25), considering the average year of publication of the documents, “balance” (n = 11), “artistic gymnastic” (n = 14) and “training” (n = 25) are the most frequently used terms. This study reveals that the topic of biomechanics in gymnastics has shown sustained growth and deserves the attention of the scientific community, but at the same time, there is still much room for research development.

(1) Background: Data mining has turned essential when exploring a large amount of information in performance analysis in sports. This study aimed to select the most relevant variables influencing the external and internal load in top-elite 5-a-side soccer (Sa5) using a data mining model considering some contextual indicators as match result, body mass index (BMI), scoring rate and age. (2) Methods: A total of 50 top-elite visually impaired soccer players (age 30.86 ± 11.2 years, weight 77.64 ± 9.78 kg, height 178.48 ± 7.9 cm) were monitored using magnetic, angular and rate gyroscope (MARG) sensors during an international Sa5 congested fixture tournament.; (3) Results: Fifteen external and internal load variables were extracted from a total of 49 time-related and peak variables derived from the MARG sensors using a principal component analysis as the most used data mining technique. The principal component analysis (PCA) model explained 80% of total variance using seven principal components. In contrast, the first principal component of the match was defined by jumps, take off by 24.8% of the total variance. Blind players usually performed a higher number of accelerations per min when losing a match. Scoring players execute higher Distance_Explosive and Distance_{21–24 km/h}. And the younger players presented higher HR_AVG and Acc_Max. (4) Conclusions: The influence of some contextual variables on external and internal load during top elite Sa5 official matches should be addressed by coaches, athletes, and medical staff. The PCA seems to be a useful statistical technique to select those relevant variables representing the team’s external and internal load. Besides, as a data reduction method, PCA allows administrating individualized training loads considering those relevant variables defining team load behavior.

Research on Football 5-a-side for blind people is usually informative and does not often consider sports performance analysis. This study aimed to verify the existing differences between the 2014 World Championship of Fa5 and the 2016 Paralympic Games, analyzing the action for an effective game, the throws to the goal. For this purpose, a total of 52 matches were analyzed and the statistical analysis unit was all the throws made to the goal during the game (n = 2.227). A descriptive and differential analysis was made between the variables proposed in the study considering the type of competition. The results show the existence of differences between the championships, analyzed explicitly through the variables: Championship phases, Throwing moment, Match status, Starting zone, and Throwing result, as well as the variables Progression type, Throwing zone, Striking situation, Corporal zone, and Striking type. These results highlighted that teams played differently but also set game trends and styles for future competitions.