Understanding the dissolution of hemicellulose in ionic liquids (ILs) is important in order to explore efficient utilization of ILs for fractionating lignocellulose and extracting hemicellulose. In this study, three ILs, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-ium bromide (BmimBr), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BmimI), were used as solvents to dissolve bamboo hemicellulose over the temperature range of 80 °C to 150 °C. Representative hemicellulose with a solubility higher than 9.0 g/100 g IL was regenerated and characterized. The interaction between the hemicellulose and ILs was evaluated using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the solubility of hemicellulose in the ILs was in the following order: BmimCl > BmimBr > BmimI. Though moderate degradation of the hemicellulose possibly occurred during dissolution, the main chain of the hemicellulose was almost unchanged. The enhanced solubility of the hemicellulose was because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl proton of the hemicellulose and anion of the ILs.

Photocatalyst M_1/3NbMoO₆ (M = Fe, Ce) was prepared by the ion-exchange of LiNbMoO₆ with M(NO₃)₃. The structure and spectral response of the as-prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-via DRS). Photocatalytic performance was evaluated by oxidation of ethyl mercaptan (EM) under visible and UV light irradiation. Results reveal that a significant interaction existed between the terminal MoO bond in the MoO₆ octahedral unit in the laminate structure and the interlayer cations. The magnitude and mode of this interaction depend on the interlayer cation, including its position, Coulomb field and electrical configuration. The microstructure, spectral response features and photocatalytic oxidation performance are also directly affected by the factors discussed above.

Fe₂O₃nanoparticles are crosslinked to the niobate nanoscroll surface by association with terminal Nb–OH groups.