The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved throughout the years. These photovoltaic (PV) cells can be used to power Internet of Things (IoT) devices for indoor applications. A perovskite PV energy harvesting system with a stand-by battery that continuously powers an IoT device is developed in this work. The battery is required to complement the PSCs when the latter have difficulties in power delivery during low or no irradiance. The performance of the energy harvesting circuit as well as the battery charge and discharge scenarios are investigated. Voltage matching between the PSC and the battery is achieved by a boost converter. The PSC energy harvesting system uses fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which utilizes a Sample and Hold (S&H) circuit. The FOCV technique is based on a comparison of the perovskite PV open circuit voltages and the maximum power points. For each irradiance level, the maximum power point is unique, and this work uses a light-dependent resistor (LDR) to adjust the scaling constant in MPPT. Case studies include various scenarios under 1000 lux fluorescent light and 1 sun irradiance as well as a consideration of different battery states.

The rapid rise in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has opened the door for diverse potential applications in powering indoor Internet of Things (IoT) devices. An energy harvesting system (EHS) powered by a PSC module with a backup Li-ion battery, which stores excess power at moments of high irradiances and delivers the stored power to drive the load during operation scenarios with low irradiances, has been designed. A DC-DC boost converter is engaged to match the voltage of the PSC and Li-ion battery, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved by a perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm, which perturbs the photovoltaic (PV) system by adjusting its operating voltage and observing the difference in the output power of the PSC. Furthermore, the charging and discharging rate of the battery storage is controlled by a DC-DC buck–boost bidirectional converter with the incorporation of a proportional–integral (PI) controller. The bidirectional DC-DC converter operates in a dual mode, achieved through the anti-parallel connection of a conventional buck and boost converter. The proposed EHS utilizes DC-DC converters, MPPT algorithms, and PI control schemes. Three different case scenarios are modeled to investigate the system’s behavior under varying irradiances of 200 W/m², 100 W/m², and 50 W/m². For all three cases with different irradiances, MPPT achieves tracking efficiencies of more than 95%. The laboratory-fabricated PSC operated at MPP can produce an output power ranging from 21.37 mW (50 W/m²) to 90.15 mW (200 W/m²). The range of the converter’s output power is between 5.117 mW and 63.78 mW. This power range can sufficiently meet the demands of modern low-energy IoT devices. Moreover, fully charged and fully discharged battery scenarios were simulated to study the performance of the system. Finally, the IoT load profile was simulated to confirm the potential of the proposed energy harvesting system in self-sustainable IoT applications. Upon review of the current literature, there are limited studies demonstrating a combination of EHS with PSCs as an indoor power source for IoT applications, along with a bidirectional DC-DC buck–boost converter to manage battery charging and discharging. The evaluation of the system performance presented in this work provides important guidance for the development and optimization of new-generation PV technologies like PSCs for practical indoor applications.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging photovoltaics (PVs) with promising optoelectronic characteristics. PSCs can be semitransparent (ST), which is beneficial in many innovative applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). While PSCs exhibit excellent performance potential, enhancements in their stability and scalable manufacturing are required before they can be widely deployed. This work evaluates the real-world effectiveness of using PSCs in BIPVs to accelerate the development progress toward practical implementation. Given the present constraints on PSC module size and efficiency, bus stop shelters are selected for investigation in this work, as they provide a suitably scaled application representing a realistic near-term test case for early-stage research and engineering. An energy-harvesting system for a bus stop shelter in Astana, Kazakhstan, demonstrates the potential performance evaluation platform that can be used for perovskite solar cell modules (PSCMs) in BIPVs. The system includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and charge controllers, which can supply PSCM energy to the electronic load. Based on our design, the bus stop shelter has non-transparent and ST PSCMs on the roof and sides, respectively. May (best-case) and December (worst-case) scenarios are considered. According to the results, the PSCMs-equipped bus stop shelter can generate sufficient daily energy for load even in a worst-case scenario.

The radial distribution design is one of the most used grid types, and a single branch fault in the network may disconnect downstream portion of the system. Therefore, an efficient and quick restoration plan is required when fault is occurred. This paper proposes new branch grouping algorithm (BGA), which is based on the topology of the network. BGA may be used for fastening the restoration of the distribution grid. Case study considers a single switch solution using tie-lines for single branch fault scenarios for IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus distribution systems. Results reveal that scenario calculation time for offline solutions in the larger system is decreased thrice.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained increasing attention in the fields of Internet-of-things (IoT) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications. PSCs have promising indoor performance for powering indoor IoT devices and potentially low module costs for applications in BIPVs. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of perovskite solar cell modules (PSCMs) integrated with the roof of buildings located in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. The results obtained in this work aim to show the possibility of deploying perovskite PV modules in this region for applications in BIPVs. In this work, the energy harvesting and generation of tilted angles of PSCM installation were investigated for a full cycle of one year. Based on the results, the energy generation from the roof PSCMs increased by 16.1 %, 17.3 %, and 19.5 % when 32-degree, seasonal, and monthly tilt angles were applied for installation. Combining 32-degree and seasonal tilt angles can result in a 20 % energy generation increase.

Recently, an fabrication of memristive devices created an opportunity to improve the performance of various analog and digital architectures in terms of on-chip area, power consumption, stability and overall effectiveness. This paper proposes cascode current mirror design with memristors using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. We show the performance analysis of memristor-based current mirror, comparing to the conventional CMOS-based designs. The simulations have been performed in SPICE, including variability analysis, temperature variations and noise analysis.