Electric vehicles (EVs) are universally recognized as an incredibly effective method of lowering gas emissions and dependence on oil for transportation. Electricity, rather than more traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, is used as the main source of energy to recharge the batteries in EVs. Future oil demand should decline as a result of the predicted rise in the number of EVs on the road. The charging infrastructure is considered as a key element of EV technology where the recent research is mostly focused. A strong charging infrastructure that serves both urban and rural areas, especially those with an unstable or nonexistent electrical supply, is essential in promoting the global adoption of EVs. Followed by different EV structures such as fuel-cell- and battery-integrated EVs, the charging infrastructures are thoroughly reviewed in three modes, specifically—off-grid (standalone), grid-connected, and hybrid modes (capable of both standalone and grid-connected operations). It will be interesting for the readers to understand in detail several energy-source-based charging systems and the usage of charging stations for different power levels. Towards the improvement of the lifetime and efficiency of EVs, charging methods and charging stations in integration with microgrid architectures are thoroughly investigated. EVs are a multi-energy system, which requires effective power management and control to optimize energy utilization. This review article also includes an evaluation of several power management and control strategies followed by the impact assessment of EVs on the utility grid. The findings and the future research directions provided in this review article will be extremely beneficial for EV operators and research engineers.

Renewable energy utilization is the only suitable solution to diminish the increasing level of greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy crisis in the next generation. Out of many renewable sources, solar energy sources that are clean, green, and emission-free have gained wide utilization despite their intermittency nature. Several solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are connected in series-parallel to achieve the energy demand. In such a system, it is possible that each panel operates differently due to uneven temperature and irradiation that results in uniform and partial shading conditions. Thus, a unique and efficient mechanism is required to extract maximum power from uniformly and partially shaded PV systems. Numerous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been developed to increase the efficiency and lifetime of photovoltaic systems. This study provides a unique, in-depth, and organized review of MPPT methods under four categories: classical, intelligent, optimization, and hybrid techniques. All possible selection benchmarks are considered to do a comprehensive review, which is not deliberated in the existing review literature. Based on the selection benchmarks, the advantages and disadvantages of each MPPT technique under different categories are summarized in tabulated form. To address the research gaps for further investigation in this field, a concise discussion is included at the end. This review article may find an accessible reference for engineers to understand the most useful MPPT method and to undertake extensive research in PV systems.

The use of renewable energy sources has attracted significant interest due to their abundant availability and clean nature, as conventional generating stations are putting pressure on existing fossil fuel reserves. DC-to-DC boost converters are mostly used in solar photovoltaic systems. The output of PV is not fixed, it varies with temperature and irradiance value. When using a conventional boost converter, we get a high ripple in voltage. Interleaved Boost Converter is one type of power electronics converter with the help of which we get less ripple in output voltage, power, and input current as compared to the conventional boost converter. The analysis and design of conventional and two-stage IBC are presented in this paper. also, simulate a conventional boost converter circuit and two-stage IBC circuit with a P&O-based MPPT algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of IBC and conventional DC-DC converters were analyzed and compared with each other. There is also the option that IBC's performance is superior to conventional boost converters for solar photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, we show the analysis and comparison between a conventional boost converter with a two-stage IBC with a solar photovoltaic system. We have found many benefits of two-stage IBC. Based on that analysis of the IBC associated with renewable energy systems, the system gets better performance. As a result, the system's overall performance and efficiency improved.

Conventional DC-DC boost converters have played a vital role in electric vehicle (EVs) powertrains by enabling the necessary voltage to increase to meet the needs of electric motors. However, recent developments in high-gain converters have introduced new possibilities with enhanced voltage amplification capabilities and efficiency. This study discusses and evaluates the state-of-the-art high-gain DC-DC converters for EV applications based on the Quadratic Boost Converter (QBC). Research into innovative topologies has increased in response to the increasing demand for efficient and high-performance power electronic converters in the rapidly expanding EV industry. Due to its ability to provide more significant voltage gains than conventional boost converters, the QBC has become a viable option for meeting the unique requirements of EV power systems. This survey focuses on the efficiency, power density, and overall performance parameters of QBC-based high-gain converters. The literature review provides a foundation for comprehending power electronics converters’ trends, challenges, and opportunities. The acquired knowledge can enhance the design and optimization of high-gain converters based on the QBC, thereby fostering more sustainable and efficient power systems for the expanding electric mobility industry. In the future, the report suggests that investigating new high-gain converter design methodologies will reduce component stress and enhance the intact system efficiency.

Control of induction motor (IM) is more important because most of the industry used the induction motor, and control in the cost of decrease the efficiency and performance of the machine. For controlling the induction motor main aim to maintain the efficiency and performance of the machine. Pi controller is used for describing the V/F control of induction motor in this paper. Reduction in the error between rotor speed and reference speed is done using the PI controller. Using this PI controller, we change in frequency of the voltage source inverter (VSI) to maintain the V/F ratio is constant. After we try to do some modification in pi controller and take reference of PI and try to minimize error and improve the performance and harmonics elimination of the induction motor.

In renewal energy hole worlds go towards the solar energy source. In this paper, we derive the mathematical relationship of single diode configuration and do mathematical modelling in MATLAB Simulink. And get the output waveform of current- voltage and power voltage at different temperature and irradiance value. Analysis the effect of variation in temperature and irradiance on a solar cell. After we do the parameter estimation of solar cell using genetic algorithm (GA). Using GA, we estimate the five parameters (I ph , I 0 , n, R s and R sh ) form the single diode configuration of PV cell. After estimation we try to extract the five unknown parameters (I ph , I 0 , n, R s and R sh ) of module Kyocera (KC200GT) using genetic algorithm and compare the output power using different methods. We also compare the output power with the initial parameters and extracted parameters.