A compact 5G technology can be defined as a system which consist of high signal data transmission, maximizing frequency diversity and can combat noise interference. By theory, it is significantly to improve system’s performance in order to obtain better voice quality, tolerance to noise interference, excellent spectral efficiency, higher network capacity, low latency and frequency selective fading in multipath environment, which is robust to the channel impairments. 5G network uses multipath environment or multiple transmissions technique, which known as multiple input multiple output, (MIMO). MIMO operates with multiple antennas technology, which includes the multiple transmitters with receivers’ circuits to minimize errors and optimize data speed. For the transmission efficiency, multiple antenna system model is commonly put together with digital data encoding method called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexer (OFDM), where the carrier signals have high spectral efficiency and immunity to frequency fading. MIMO-OFDM configuration has introduced to increase the diversity gain and improve the system capacity. Currently, filtering is implemented to overcome out-of-band radiation for the spectrum efficiency and meet the diversified expectation for the growth of 5G network. The main drawback in MIMO F-OFDM system is its high peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR). This paper discusses the parameter specification in reducing PAPR in MIMO F-OFDM system. The proposed parameters are utilizing block coding technique that is Enhancement Asymmetric Arithmetic Coding (EAAC), together with numbers of antenna configuration to overcome the problem of high PAPR. From the simulation results, the PAPR reduced at 6.85% using block coding technique and MIMO antenna configuration and it is verified with the existing system with MIMO-OFDM. Overall, the communication system model will lead to the mutual harmonization among society with new parameters of MIMO F-OFDM and block coding technique.

As modern wireless communication systems move towards 5G implementation, the system must provide sophisticated and ubiquitous service and flexibility. Therefore, Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (F-OFDMA) is one of the most suitable modulation techniques used in 5G systems to achieve efficient and reliable wireless communication. Other than that, F-OFDMA also has good quality rather than OFDM since it provides a better result of high side lobes and enlarges the scale of the spectrum analyzer. However, one of the significant problems in the F-OFDMA system is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), affecting the system's overall performance and causing high transmit power at the transmitter. In this paper, combination of Arithmetic Coding (AC) and Huffman coding (HC) with Asymmetric Numeral Systems (ANS) provide better performance for PAPR as well as bit error rate (BER) in F-OFDMA. Both AC and HC are proposed to combine with ANS and Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) since it provides a good result to defeat the high PAPR. BER and PAPR performance were compared for the AC and HC with ANS QC-LDPC. Based on the results, ANS-AC-QCLDPC proved as the best joint method has 35.25% improvement for PAPR while BER has 89.87%. This research also justified that ANS with Arithmetic-QCLDPC and Huffman-QCLDPC give better BER results as well.

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Nowadays, cases of stolen vehicles are increasing rapidly, particularly in urban areas. The stolen vehicle is difficult for the owner to trace since the GPS system is rarely used due to its expensive cost. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the accuracy of the real-time monitoring provided by the Blynk application using information obtained from GPS modules and to design a simple and compact smart vehicle monitoring anti-theft system utilizing the TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l with the Blynk application. Next, a tracking system is configured and developed by utilizing the Arduino IDE software to flash the code into the microcontroller and the Internet of Things platform as the connectivity to the Blynk App. Furthermore, the usability and functionality of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l are essential in determining the vehicle's location. The use of TTGO T-CALL ESP32 SIM800l is to make the device more compact than previous research. The data has been obtained using a comparison of two microcontrollers; TTGO T-Call ESP32 SIM800l and the Arduino Mega connected to the GSM SIM800l. The data will be analyzed under two different parameters; the accuracy of altitude and speed. It can be seen that the TTGO T-Call ESP32 SIM800l has a lower percentage of latitude and longitude errors. It also has great performance in terms of speed accuracy, which is 88.5%.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is very useful in 6G network system requirements, also a solution to improve spectral efficiency and user fairness. NOMA gives a new dimension that increases spectral efficiency, massive connectivity, low transmission latency, and cost of signalling. Hence, NOMA as multiple access schemes can solve user problems from scarce time or frequency domain resources. 6G data traffic reduction by storing the most popular contents in advance at the network edge whereas content caching restricts duplicate of multiple data transmission. The most concerning problem would be the impact of a few subcarriers on the PAPR reduction in NOMA systems is needed to avoid signal degradation. The objectives of this research are to reduce the PAPR. The method applied is by using the Huffrith algorithm with the APSK modulation technique in the NOMA system. The results were obtained by comparing the contribution method with variations of the coding technique, which is the Huffman, Arithmetic, and Huffrith algorithms. Huffrith algorithm is the higher improvement using 512 subcarriers with 8.6 % and PAPR values of 8.5 dB. For 1024 subcarriers get 8.7 dB and 12.12% percentage of improvement.