This paper presents an overall concept developed by ENEA (the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) in the Italian framework of renewable energy communities (RECs). The proposed work is driven by the idea that RECs are part of a long-term vision aimed at achieving the broader concept of smart communities (SCs) through smart energy communities (SECs). SECs are, therefore, the evolution of RECs toward SCs, where ICT (information and communications technology) and digitalization play a pivotal role in fostering and boosting the energy transition and addressing societal challenge goals by 2050. In this scenario, the proposed approach is based on three dimensions, as follows: digital tools, use cases, and the observatory. Digital tools can be utilized at different stages of the creation of RECs, ranging from the design and engagement phase to evaluation, analysis, and the token economy. The second dimension refers to some selected different business cases that are used to test and demonstrate the proposed tools and provide support to specific RECs in the different phases of their creation. Lastly, the EC observatory was created by ENEA to provide necessary support to the market and stakeholders on different aspects, such as data management, economics, legal issues, communication, and regional governance.

The current investments for smart infrastructure development in cities result in the proliferation of self-consistent and closed applications (often called “silos”), which provide services with strong vertical integration but without ease of mutual horizontal integration. This paper investigates the state of several initiatives addressing this problem. It arrives at a proposal for diminishing and, ideally, breaking down these silos. This vision can be achieved by introducing the idea of building Smart Cities on a common set of architectural principles, Pivotal Points of Interoperability (PPI), and by applying these principles to the definition of a set of open Smart City Platform Specifications.

Natural threats are becoming increasingly frequent and difficult to anticipate, urging public authorities and stakeholders to adopt sustainable methodologies and tools capable of continuously supplying historical and real-time data on hazards and their impacts. Such tools enable the prompt activation of recovery actions, enhance the resilience of citizens and the built environment, and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper presents an interoperable and multipurpose framework developed within the MULTICLIMACT project (GA n. 101123538), designed to enhance urban smartness and sustainability, and to support and improve resilience in municipal decision-making. The framework integrates heterogeneous data sources into a unified environment, covering infrastructures, buildings, and social systems. It also includes physiological monitoring, which collects physiological parameters from wearable sensors in a privacy-preserving way, and microclimate monitoring, which records indoor air quality in inhabited environments. Simulation-based analyses are applied to capture cascading effects of disruptions, while multidimensional indicators (societal, economic, operational, and health-related) are used to quantify resilience. The approach was implemented in the Italian municipality of Camerino, where hazard monitoring systems, impact assessment tools, and indoor comfort data were integrated and validated in the SCP-MULTICLIMACT platform. The proposed approach offers a replicable model for integrating environmental and health data in support of climate resilience and sustainable urban development.

The Smart City paradigm is nowadays the main reference for a sustainable and efficient development of our cities. This development requires the creation of ICT infrastructures and applications for the management of the wide amount of data related to many different sectors like Energy, Transport, Safety, Governance, and many others. Thus, the ability to communicate and exchange data is critical for the realization of Smart City. The risk on the other side is the emerging, from different actors, of a plethora of isolated and closed software solutions not able to communicate each other and to collaborate. In this article we present our semantic approach to enable interoperability between cross-domain Smart City applications. It is the result of a path that applied theoretical principles of interoperability to real requirements and opportunities detected in Smart City scenarios.