Ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. Ultrasonic waves are emitted by devices that are used in industry or that have a medical or aesthetic purpose. There is growing interest in the effect of ultrasound absorption on the human body, since people’s exposure to these acoustic waves has increased considerably in recent years. There are more and more devices that emit ultrasounds used for different sanitary procedures, aesthetic treatments and industrial processes, creating more possibilities of ultrasound noise, and therefore an increased risk of occupational hazard and occupational danger. Experiments on animals have shown damage to internal organs from receiving different ultrasonic frequencies. The main task of this work was to organize and summarize recent studies on ultrasound to reflect the current state of this technique and establish a systematic basis for future lines of research. This work has allowed us to better understand the unknown field of these high frequencies of sound, and highlights the need to carry out more studies on the ultrasound emissions that can be absorbed by the human body to determine how this energy could affect humans by calculating the maximum dose of exposure and developing manuals for the use of ultrasound-emitting equipment to protect the health of workers and all people. It is necessary to develop regulations by public administrations to improve the protection of workers, health professionals, patients and all people in general for better occupational safety, indoor environmental quality and environmental health.

The United Nations estimated in 2018 that 68% of the population would live in urban areas in 2050. At the time of the estimate, the percentage was 55%, which would mean an increase of 13% in 32 years. Furthermore, according to their calculations, there will be 43 megacities with more than 10 million citizens by 2030. To ensure that the development of city dwellers takes place in the best possible conditions, the United Nations is committed to a sustainable urban design that guarantees the quality of life of city dwellers. The use of new technologies comes into play in the design of the urban environment to guarantee access to decent housing, employment, the inclusion of people with disabilities, transportation, energy systems, lighting, and other types of infrastructure, as well as essential services such as health, culture, and education. Considering all these challenges and their complexity of resolution, modern architecture must be constituted, planned, and made up of multidisciplinary groups that embrace the interrelationships between human beings and the environment as a whole.

Architects need the freedom to design their projects with the assurance that they will be inspiring aesthetic as well as healthy places, i.e., buildings, streets, parks, avenues, and squares that offer a complete living experience in an environment that takes into account light, sound, vibration, climate, and all those aspects that can disturb people's well-being. We know that prolonged exposure to noise can cause discomfort and sleep disorders, which affect the quality of life. This noise is not the only pollutant as there are other sound waves such as infrasound and ultrasound that are not perceptible but potentially harmful to health. Not forgetting electromagnetic waves, the light that reaches our bodies and which has regulated our lives throughout the existence of the species. The invention of electric lighting had the consequence that people spend practically all day indoors. Days are poorly illuminated, and the nights have too much light. On the other hand, the intensity of artificial light is a fraction of that of daylight and the spectral composition is also different.

Particle pollution, such as PM2.5 and PM10, poses a growing threat to human health and the environment. These particles come from natural sources like plant pollen, as well as human activities such as industry, traffic, and the wear and tear of materials like clothing or artificial turf. These microenvironmental components can cause respiratory problems such as cardiovascular diseases and allergies. Pollen is a significant example as it can trigger allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Moreover, pollen allergies can exacerbate other conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Radioactive microparticles, such as those released in the Fukushima nuclear accident, are also a major concern. These particles can persist in the environment for a long time and can cause severe health issues.