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Dr. Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano
Universidad CEU San Pablo

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Energy Analysis
0 HVAC
0 Indoor Air Quality
0 Mechanical Systems
0 Sustainability

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Ventilation
Energy and Buildings
Sustainability
Indoor Air Quality
HVAC

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Short Biography

Tenured Professor at the Department of Architecture and Design, area of Building Systems, within the Institute of Technology of Universidad CEU San Pablo. Coordinator of the subjects Mechanical Systems as well as Electrical and Lighting systems. Professor Accredited by ANECA in the figure of Tenured Professor. One six-year research period by CNEAI (period 2003-2015). Coordinator of the post-graduate degree of Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Buildings and Coordinator of the Laboratory of Building Systems within Universidad CEU San Pablo. Leading researcher of the ARIE Group at the Universidad CEU San Pablo. Member of the PhD Program in "Health Science and Technology" and the PhD Program "Composition, History and Techniques pertaining to Architecture and Urbanism". Lecturer of the Master MC2 relevant to Quality in Construction and in the Postgraduate Degree in Overall Management of Buildings and Services at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

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Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Concrete made with Portland cement is by far the most heavily used construction material in the world today. Its success stems from the fact that it is relatively inexpensive yet highly versatile and functional and is made from widely available raw materials. However, in many environments, concrete structures gradually deteriorate over time. Premature deterioration of concrete is a major problem worldwide. Moreover, cement production is energy-intensive and releases a lot of CO2; this is compounded by its ever-increasing demand, particularly in developing countries. As such, there is an urgent need to develop more durable concretes to reduce their environmental impact and improve sustainability. To avoid such environmental problems, researchers are always searching for lightweight structural materials that show high performance during both processing and application. Among the various candidates, Magnesia (MgO) seems to be the most promising material to attain this target. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the characteristics and developments of MgO-based composites and their applications in cementitious materials and energy-efficient buildings. This paper starts with the characterization of MgO in terms of environmental production processes, calcination temperatures, reactivity, and micro-physical properties. Relationships between different MgO composites and energy-efficient building designs were established. Then, the influence of MgO incorporation on the properties of cementitious materials and indoor environmental quality was summarized. Finally, the future research directions on this were discussed.

ACS Style

Serenay Kara; Savas Erdem; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. MgO-Based Cementitious Composites for Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Design. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9188 .

AMA Style

Serenay Kara, Savas Erdem, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. MgO-Based Cementitious Composites for Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Design. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serenay Kara; Savas Erdem; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. 2021. "MgO-Based Cementitious Composites for Sustainable and Energy Efficient Building Design." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9188.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Energies
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The Haida plank house is one of the most important models built by the native American Indians. Built on the southwest coast of Canada, it adapts the tradition of the ancient pit houses to the requirements of the humid and cold climate characteristic of the Haida Gwaii Islands. This construction is composed by two main pieces: the central pit covered by a wooden envelope. Both protect its dwellers and their hearths. The ventilation system is based on two solutions: the gaps between the wall planks and a smoke hole that can be opened or closed in the roof at will. The aim of the present research is to analyze the way these two elements arrange the indoor airflow in order to ensure the comfortability of the house. Four cases have been proposed, according to four different dimensions for the gaps: 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm. Each case has been doubled in order to determine how the state of the smoke hole affected the corresponding results. This way, it has been concluded that if the gaps’ width becomes higher than 4 cm, the airflow velocity comfort level would be exceeded. It is been possible to observe how the state of the smoke hole influences the way the air moves around the dwelling.

ACS Style

Roberto Alonso González Lezcano; María Jesús Montero Burgos. Airflow Analysis of the Haida Plank House, a Breathing Envelope. Energies 2021, 14, 4871 .

AMA Style

Roberto Alonso González Lezcano, María Jesús Montero Burgos. Airflow Analysis of the Haida Plank House, a Breathing Envelope. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Alonso González Lezcano; María Jesús Montero Burgos. 2021. "Airflow Analysis of the Haida Plank House, a Breathing Envelope." Energies 14, no. 16: 4871.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Buildings consume a large amount of energy during all stages of their life cycle. One of the most efficient ways to reduce their consumption is to use thermal insulation materials; however, these generally have negative effects on the environment and human health. Bio-insulations are presented as a good alternative solution to this problem, thus motivating the study of the properties of natural or recycled materials that could reduce energy consumption in buildings. Fique is a very important crop in Colombia. In order to contribute to our knowledge of the properties of its fibers as a thermal insulator, the measurement of its thermal conductivity is reported herein, employing equipment designed according to the ASTM C 177 standard and a kinetic study of its thermal decomposition from thermogravimetric data through the Coats–Redfern model-fitting method.

ACS Style

Gabriel García Sánchez; Rolando Guzmán López; Roberto Gonzalez-Lezcano. Fique as a Sustainable Material and Thermal Insulation for Buildings: Study of Its Decomposition and Thermal Conductivity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7484 .

AMA Style

Gabriel García Sánchez, Rolando Guzmán López, Roberto Gonzalez-Lezcano. Fique as a Sustainable Material and Thermal Insulation for Buildings: Study of Its Decomposition and Thermal Conductivity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriel García Sánchez; Rolando Guzmán López; Roberto Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2021. "Fique as a Sustainable Material and Thermal Insulation for Buildings: Study of Its Decomposition and Thermal Conductivity." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7484.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Energies
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The existence of a growing myopia pandemic is an unquestionable fact for health authorities around the world. Different possible causes have been put forward over the years, such as a possible genetic origin, the current excess of children’s close-up work compared to previous stages in history, insufficient natural light, or a multifactorial cause. Scientists are looking for different possible solutions to alleviate it, such as a reduction of time or a greater distance for children’s work, the use of drugs, optometric correction methods, surgical procedures, and spending more time outdoors. There is a growing number of articles suggesting insufficient natural light as a possible cause of the increasing levels of childhood myopia around the globe. Technological progress in the world of lighting is making it possible to have more monochromatic LED emission peaks, and because of this, it is possible to create spectral distributions of visible light that increasingly resemble natural light in the visible range. The possibility of creating indoor luminaires that emit throughout the visible spectrum from purple to infrared can now be a reality that could offer a new avenue of research to fight this pandemic.

ACS Style

David Baeza Moyano; Roberto González-Lezcano. Pandemic of Childhood Myopia. Could New Indoor LED Lighting Be Part of the Solution? Energies 2021, 14, 3827 .

AMA Style

David Baeza Moyano, Roberto González-Lezcano. Pandemic of Childhood Myopia. Could New Indoor LED Lighting Be Part of the Solution? Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Baeza Moyano; Roberto González-Lezcano. 2021. "Pandemic of Childhood Myopia. Could New Indoor LED Lighting Be Part of the Solution?" Energies 14, no. 13: 3827.

Research article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Color Research & Application
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Light emitting diode (LED) lighting is increasing in popularity because it has many advantages over incandescent lamps such as energy efficiency, robustness, longevity, and good stability over time. The aim of this study was to check the color parameters, efficiency, and effectiveness of LED lamps used for indoor lighting to ensure that the luminaires sampled complied with the labeling requirements. The tests were carried out according to the standard UNE‐EN 13032‐4:2016 by determining the angular distribution of illuminance of the lamps in a photometric laboratory, minimizing the incidence of detection of reflections and stray light, and using the parameters of 15 LED lights collected by inspectors of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs of Castilla la Mancha. The samples were acquired randomly from various commercial establishments. The analysis of the results allowed us to verify that the LED lights complied with the current regulations.

ACS Style

David B. Moyano; Silvia B. Moyano; Miguel G. López; Alejandro S. Aznal; Roberto A. González L.. Photometric and colorimetric analysis of light emitting diode luminaires for interior lighting design. Color Research & Application 2021, 46, 791 -807.

AMA Style

David B. Moyano, Silvia B. Moyano, Miguel G. López, Alejandro S. Aznal, Roberto A. González L.. Photometric and colorimetric analysis of light emitting diode luminaires for interior lighting design. Color Research & Application. 2021; 46 (4):791-807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David B. Moyano; Silvia B. Moyano; Miguel G. López; Alejandro S. Aznal; Roberto A. González L.. 2021. "Photometric and colorimetric analysis of light emitting diode luminaires for interior lighting design." Color Research & Application 46, no. 4: 791-807.

Article
Published: 05 January 2021 in International Journal of Technology and Design Education
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In recent years, there have been numerous initiatives regarding the incorporation of building performance simulation tools (BPSTs) in the field of architecture, but unfortunately they have not been considered in updates of the curricula of building designers' careers at a global level. This paper presents an example of the use of BPSTs in the decision making of architectural models, after confirming that there is a lack of knowledge regarding these programs in architecture classrooms. As a result, based on the literature review, improvement aspects and recommendations have been identified and consequences for future research have been foreseen. To this end, the growing trend in the use of these tools has been analyzed, both in terms of the impact on architectural design and their use by architects. The authors' perceptions led us to confirm that the disconnection between BPSTs and architectural students can easily be diminished and alleviated through the teaching–learning process. We also noted the importance of energy modelling in the initial stages of architectural design. In addition, a proposed format for the application of BPSTs to architectural design for architects is presented.

ACS Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José Manuel Del Río; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Building performance simulation tools as part of architectural design: breaking the gap through software simulation. International Journal of Technology and Design Education 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin, José Manuel Del Río, Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Building performance simulation tools as part of architectural design: breaking the gap through software simulation. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José Manuel Del Río; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2021. "Building performance simulation tools as part of architectural design: breaking the gap through software simulation." International Journal of Technology and Design Education , no. : 1-19.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2021 in Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering
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Office work has so far been carried out in company buildings and was largely based on the use of paper on a horizontal surface. Due to multiple reasons, more workers are working in their homes with electronic devices. As a result, both the working environment and personal tools are changing. Since the discovery about 20 years ago of the non-visual ways of light absorption, it was known that apart from the image forming effects (IF) of light from which the criteria for correct lighting have been developed, non-image forming effects (NIF) of light exist. The discovery of NIF has enhanced researcher belief in the importance of daylighting and has raised new criteria to be taken into account for proper interior lighting. Due to all the factors mentioned above, the parameters to be met by a luminaire and its environment for proper lighting of the workstation have been modified and expanded. The rapid advance in the development of new light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires with which the spectral power distribution (SPD) can be practically created opens the door to a genuine technological revolution comparable to the invention of electric lighting around 150 years ago. The authors of this study will review the latest published studies on the importance of light in our lives, IF and NIF effects of light, the parameters which from these effects are suggested to be taken into account for a correct indoor lighting, the regulations in force on indoor lighting workplaces, and proposals to improve indoor lighting and therefore the quality of life of workers.

ACS Style

David Baeza Moyano; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Indoor Lighting Workplaces. Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering 2021, 243 -258.

AMA Style

David Baeza Moyano, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Indoor Lighting Workplaces. Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering. 2021; ():243-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Baeza Moyano; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. 2021. "Indoor Lighting Workplaces." Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering , no. : 243-258.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Modern Applied Science
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Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, and especially, ultrasounds have gone from being a mere laboratory curiosity to an indispensable tool in the industry as a primary means of determining the level of quality achieved in its products (ASM, 1989; Barbero, 1999). This study will identify and apply the main physical phenomena of interaction of an ultrasonic wave in a composite material, to see if through this type of waves, you can detect defects of the type of porosity or delaminations in these materials. The percentages of reflected and transmitted waves in real cases of defects in the composite material will also be studied. It will be shown if the frequencies and intensities of the waves are adequate to find this type of defects or imperfections in the material. The theoretical study of the ultrasonic wave seeks to help researchers in the development of equipment that uses the methodology of immersion ultrasound for the inspection of materials in the search for 'defects' and to understand the physics of the test.

ACS Style

Gaston Sanglier; Eduardo J. Lopez; Sonia Cesteros; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Identification of 'Defects' in Epoxy Matrix Composites and Carbon Fiber by Ultrasound. Interaction of the Ultrasonic Beam with the Material. Modern Applied Science 2020, 15, p32 .

AMA Style

Gaston Sanglier, Eduardo J. Lopez, Sonia Cesteros, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Identification of 'Defects' in Epoxy Matrix Composites and Carbon Fiber by Ultrasound. Interaction of the Ultrasonic Beam with the Material. Modern Applied Science. 2020; 15 (1):p32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaston Sanglier; Eduardo J. Lopez; Sonia Cesteros; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "Identification of 'Defects' in Epoxy Matrix Composites and Carbon Fiber by Ultrasound. Interaction of the Ultrasonic Beam with the Material." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 1: p32.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During the first outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the population, focusing primarily on the risk of infection, was generally inattentive to the quality of indoor air. Spain, and the city of Madrid in particular, were among the world’s coronavirus hotspots. The country’s entire population was subject to a 24/7 lockdown for 45 days. This paper describes a comparative longitudinal survey of air quality in four types of housing in the city of Madrid before and during lockdown. The paper analysed indoor temperatures and variations in CO2, 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations before and during lockdown. The mean daily outdoor PM2.5 concentration declined from 11.04 µg/m3 before to 7.10 µg/m3 during lockdown. Before lockdown the NO2 concentration values scored as ‘very good’ 46% of the time, compared to 90.9% during that period. Although the city’s outdoor air quality improved, during lockdown the population’s exposure to indoor pollutants was generally more acute and prolonged. Due primarily to concern over domestic energy savings, the lack of suitable ventilation and more intensive use of cleaning products and disinfectants during the covid-19 crisis, indoor pollutant levels were typically higher than compatible with healthy environments. Mean daily PM2.5 concentration rose by approximately 12% and mean TVOC concentration by 37% to 559%. The paper also puts forward a series of recommendations to improve indoor domestic environments in future pandemics and spells out urgent action to be taken around indoor air quality (IAQ) in the event of total or partial quarantining to protect residents from respiratory ailments and concomitantly enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as identified by international medical research.

ACS Style

Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Sonia Cesteros-García; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7183 .

AMA Style

Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Sonia Cesteros-García, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Sonia Cesteros-García; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. 2020. "Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7183.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in Optik
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It is a common opinion that LEDs emit a very high amount of energy in the blue range, which could be potentially harmful to our visual tissues. This study focuses on the LED lamps used for interior lighting and was carried out base don the parameters of 15 LED lights collected by inspectors from the Consumer Council of Castilla la Mancha, Spain. The samples were acquired at random from various commercial establishments. The luminaires acquired in collaboration with the public administration can be placed in any workplace or home. The following is a study of the nominal risk of blue light. The results show that these LED luminaires comply with relevant regulations, and none of them pose a risk to the retina because they all belong to the risk-free group.

ACS Style

David Baeza Moyano; Silvia Baeza Moyano; Miguel Gómez López; Alejandro Salcedo Aznal; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Nominal risk analysis of the blue light from LED luminaires in indoor lighting design. Optik 2020, 223, 165599 .

AMA Style

David Baeza Moyano, Silvia Baeza Moyano, Miguel Gómez López, Alejandro Salcedo Aznal, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Nominal risk analysis of the blue light from LED luminaires in indoor lighting design. Optik. 2020; 223 ():165599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Baeza Moyano; Silvia Baeza Moyano; Miguel Gómez López; Alejandro Salcedo Aznal; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. 2020. "Nominal risk analysis of the blue light from LED luminaires in indoor lighting design." Optik 223, no. : 165599.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2020 in Energies
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Over recent years, a technological revolution has taken place in which conventional lighting has been replaced by light emitting diodes (LEDs). Some studies have shown the possibility that blue light from these artificial sources could have deleterious effects on the retina. Considering that people spend a non-negligible time in front of screens from computers and mobile phones, the eyes receive blue light of different intensities depending on the source. Nevertheless, any study about the visual and non-visual effects of blue light must consider precise measurements taken from actual artificial sources. For this reason, we have analyzed the spectral emission of 10 different electronic devices and weighted them according to the hazard caused by blue light to the eyes, comparing the results with solar radiation simulated with a radiative transfer model. The maximum spectral irradiance of the measured electronic devices at 10 cm from the detector was located between 440 nm and 460 nm. The irradiance for blue light hazard ranged from 0.008 to 0.230 Wm−2 depending on the particular characteristics of each electronic device. In contrast, the solar radiances in the same spectral range are larger both under clear and cloudy conditions.

ACS Style

David Baeza Moyano; Yolanda Sola; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Blue-Light Levels Emitted from Portable Electronic Devices Compared to Sunlight. Energies 2020, 13, 4276 .

AMA Style

David Baeza Moyano, Yolanda Sola, Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. Blue-Light Levels Emitted from Portable Electronic Devices Compared to Sunlight. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Baeza Moyano; Yolanda Sola; Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano. 2020. "Blue-Light Levels Emitted from Portable Electronic Devices Compared to Sunlight." Energies 13, no. 16: 4276.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Modern Applied Science
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Covid-19 initially started in China, although cases of infection by this virus are currently being identified in Europe since January and February of this year camouflaged within a strong outbreak of influenza that had not been identified before. What is certain is that in about a hundred days it has spread around the world threatening humanity. There seems to be a great need to find a rapid response to the speed at which the virus is spreading. In this work, different mathematical models are studied to accurately determine the speed of propagation or infection of people infected by Covid-19 based on data collected from the evolution of the pandemic in Spain. Several mathematical models are proposed and analyzed, but the model proposed as the most suitable is a fourth degree polynomial regression adjustment that presents an R-square statistic of 99.72% which gives a great adjustment of the model for the calculation of the number of infected confirmed by this virus in Spain.  Knowing these data is of vital importance to be able to take and undertake the most urgent health and social measures in an effective and orderly manner. This will have a great repercussion in being able to avoid a high number of possible infections.

ACS Style

Gaston Sanglier; Sonia Cesteros; Eduardo J. Lopez; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Mathematical Model and Data Analysis to Determine the Number of Confirmed Infections Due to Covid-19 in Spain. Modern Applied Science 2020, 14, p60 .

AMA Style

Gaston Sanglier, Sonia Cesteros, Eduardo J. Lopez, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Mathematical Model and Data Analysis to Determine the Number of Confirmed Infections Due to Covid-19 in Spain. Modern Applied Science. 2020; 14 (7):p60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaston Sanglier; Sonia Cesteros; Eduardo J. Lopez; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "Mathematical Model and Data Analysis to Determine the Number of Confirmed Infections Due to Covid-19 in Spain." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 7: p60.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2020 in Energies
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The transparent materials used in building envelopes significantly contribute to heating and cooling loads of a building. The use of transparent materials requires to solve issues regarding heat gain, heat loss, and daylight. Water flow glazing (WFG), a disruptive technology, includes glazing as part of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Water is transparent to visible wavelengths, but it captures most of the infrared solar radiation. As an alternative to fossil fuel-based HVAC systems, the absorbed energy can be transferred to the ground through borehole heat exchangers and dissipated as a means of free-cooling. Researchers of the Polytechnic University of Madrid have developed a software tool to calculate the energy balance while incorporating the dynamic properties of WFG. This article has studied the mathematical model of that tool and validated its ability to predict energy savings in buildings, taking spectral and thermal parameters of glazing catalogs, commercial software, and inputs from the measurements of the prototypes. The results found in this article showed that it is possible to predict the thermal behavior of WFG and the energy savings by comparing the thermal parameters of two prototypes. The energy absorbed by the water depends on the mass flow rate and the inlet and outlet temperatures.

ACS Style

Belen Moreno Santamaria; Fernando Del Ama Gonzalo; Danielle Pinette; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria; Juan A. Hernandez Ramos. Application and Validation of a Dynamic Energy Simulation Tool: A Case Study with Water Flow Glazing Envelope. Energies 2020, 13, 3203 .

AMA Style

Belen Moreno Santamaria, Fernando Del Ama Gonzalo, Danielle Pinette, Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria, Juan A. Hernandez Ramos. Application and Validation of a Dynamic Energy Simulation Tool: A Case Study with Water Flow Glazing Envelope. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belen Moreno Santamaria; Fernando Del Ama Gonzalo; Danielle Pinette; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano; Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria; Juan A. Hernandez Ramos. 2020. "Application and Validation of a Dynamic Energy Simulation Tool: A Case Study with Water Flow Glazing Envelope." Energies 13, no. 12: 3203.

Review
Published: 22 May 2020 in Sustainability
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In recent years, articles have been published on the non-visual effects of light, specifically the light emitted by the new luminaires with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and by the screens of televisions, computer equipment, and mobile phones. Professionals from the world of optometry have raised the possibility that the blue part of the visible light from sources that emit artificial light could have pernicious effects on the retina. The aim of this work is to analyze the articles published on this subject, and to use existing information to elucidate the spectral composition and irradiance of new LED luminaires for use in the home and in public spaces such as educational centers, as well as considering the consequences of the light emitted by laptops for teenagers. The results of this research show that the amount of blue light emitted by electronic equipment is lower than that emitted by modern luminaires and thousands of times less than solar irradiance. On the other hand, the latest research warns that these small amounts of light received at night can have pernicious non-visual effects on adolescents. The creation of new LED luminaires for interior lighting, including in educational centers, where the intensity of blue light can be increased without any specific legislation for its control, makes regulatory developments imperative due to the possible repercussions on adolescents with unknown and unpredictable consequences.

ACS Style

David Baeza Moyano; Mónica San Juan Fernández; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4263 .

AMA Style

David Baeza Moyano, Mónica San Juan Fernández, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Baeza Moyano; Mónica San Juan Fernández; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. 2020. "Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4263.

Article
Published: 20 April 2020 in International Journal of Technology and Design Education
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Education for sustainable development is considered a key element of quality. However, nearly-graduated students of architecture perceive that during their training there is a lack in the use of innovative teaching materials such as building simulation performance tools (BPSTs). This document examines the material included in the architectural project subjects within the degree in architecture focused on sustainable development. The conclusions were obtained after developing two workshops accomplished by a set of nearly-graduated students of architecture. As per the results obtained, learning through such innovative material is mainly influenced by the difficulties found by the students due to the non-use of BPSTs during their previous training, the high motivation of the students related to the easy acquisition of theoretical concepts through the use of numerical analysis, and the high concern of the students about their poor background on environmental issues. This study concludes that the syllabuses of the architectural project subjects within the degree in architecture must urgently incorporate the use of BPSTs. Universities are urged to make decisions on this issue. Furthermore, the design of graphic analysis must be adapted to the language of architects in order to help them understand the theoretical concepts pertaining to the technical aspects of architecture. Finally, the design of innovative teaching material significantly influences the motivation of students and therefore their learning process. This article also suggests a set of action lines in order to find a solution for this problem.

ACS Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José Manuel Del Río; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. The use of gamification in higher technical education: perception of university students on innovative teaching materials. International Journal of Technology and Design Education 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin, José Manuel Del Río, Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. The use of gamification in higher technical education: perception of university students on innovative teaching materials. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José Manuel Del Río; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "The use of gamification in higher technical education: perception of university students on innovative teaching materials." International Journal of Technology and Design Education , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Energies
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This paper examines the actual knowledge regarding Building Performance Simulation Tools (BPSTs) of recent graduate architects in Spain. BPSTs quantify aspects of building performance that are relevant to design, construction, and operation. Recent graduate architects are those who have been awarded a first degree from a university or college and face their first professional experience. This article aims to identify the deficiencies within the current curricula of Spanish universities relating to BPSTs. The authors have surveyed 171 recent graduate architects, and the analysis of the data reveals the deficiencies in university education. Regarding the collected results, the Spanish university syllabi must undergo necessary modifications to encourage the use of simulation as a part of university training courses. The incorporation of energy simulation in such training courses can provide recent graduate architects with tools that would assist them during the design stage. The use of these tools is key in the development of innovative pedagogy-based teaching materials for the courses. In this sense, the present work aims to delve into the usage deficiencies associated with BPSTs and propose ways in which to bridge the gap between higher education and first professional experiences.

ACS Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José-Manuel Del-Río; Fernando DEL AMA GONZALO; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. The Relationship between the Use of Building Performance Simulation Tools by Recent Graduate Architects and the Deficiencies in Architectural Education. Energies 2020, 13, 1134 .

AMA Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin, José-Manuel Del-Río, Fernando DEL AMA GONZALO, Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. The Relationship between the Use of Building Performance Simulation Tools by Recent Graduate Architects and the Deficiencies in Architectural Education. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin; José-Manuel Del-Río; Fernando DEL AMA GONZALO; Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "The Relationship between the Use of Building Performance Simulation Tools by Recent Graduate Architects and the Deficiencies in Architectural Education." Energies 13, no. 5: 1134.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in Sustainability
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According to the research developed by André Leroi-Gourhan in 1964, entitled “Gesture and speech”, the evolution of human beings during Prehistory was linked to the search for work efficiency. As time passed, man designed increasingly complex tools whose production implied a decreasing amount of energy. The aim of the present research was to determine if this evolution, which occurred in parallel to the sedentary process, also affected architecture, specifically if it can be detected on traditional dwellings, particularly in those built by the Native American Indians during the pre-Columbian period. Due to their great diversity, since both nomad and sedentary models can be found among them, and to the available information about their morphology and technical characteristics, these models offer a unique opportunity to study the consequences of this process for architecture. In order to achieve it, an alternative parameter that can be determined for any type of building was designed. It allows us to establish the amount of energy an envelope is equal to. The results obtained suggest that the efficiency of the dwellings decreased as this process went forward, but this pattern changed in its last step, when agriculture appeared and permanent settlements started to be built. Besides, statistical graphs were used in order to show graphically the relationship between it, the climate, the morphology of the dwellings and their technical characteristics.

ACS Style

María Jesús Montero Burgos; Hipólito Sanchiz Álvarez de Toledo; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano; Antonio Galán De Mera. The Sedentary Process and the Evolution of Energy Consumption in Eight Native American Dwellings: Analyzing Sustainability in Traditional Architecture. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1810 .

AMA Style

María Jesús Montero Burgos, Hipólito Sanchiz Álvarez de Toledo, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano, Antonio Galán De Mera. The Sedentary Process and the Evolution of Energy Consumption in Eight Native American Dwellings: Analyzing Sustainability in Traditional Architecture. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1810.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Jesús Montero Burgos; Hipólito Sanchiz Álvarez de Toledo; Roberto Alonso González Lezcano; Antonio Galán De Mera. 2020. "The Sedentary Process and the Evolution of Energy Consumption in Eight Native American Dwellings: Analyzing Sustainability in Traditional Architecture." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1810.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Contemporary Engineering Sciences
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Roberto Alonso Gonzalez Lezcano; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros Garcia; Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Influence of strain rate on metal matrix composites. Contemporary Engineering Sciences 2020, 13, 103 -111.

AMA Style

Roberto Alonso Gonzalez Lezcano, Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez, Sonia Cesteros Garcia, Gaston Sanglier Contreras, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Influence of strain rate on metal matrix composites. Contemporary Engineering Sciences. 2020; 13 (1):103-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Alonso Gonzalez Lezcano; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros Garcia; Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "Influence of strain rate on metal matrix composites." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1: 103-111.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Contemporary Engineering Sciences
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ACS Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros García; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Biophysical methods for locating the resonance frequency of the virus. Key factor in the fight against Covid-19. Contemporary Engineering Sciences 2020, 13, 233 -245.

AMA Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras, Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez, Sonia Cesteros García, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Biophysical methods for locating the resonance frequency of the virus. Key factor in the fight against Covid-19. Contemporary Engineering Sciences. 2020; 13 (1):233-245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros García; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "Biophysical methods for locating the resonance frequency of the virus. Key factor in the fight against Covid-19." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1: 233-245.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Contemporary Engineering Sciences
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ACS Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros Garcia; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Humanity struggles in an agonizing sprint to the finish line: finding a vaccine for Covid-19. Contemporary Engineering Sciences 2020, 13, 211 -232.

AMA Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras, Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez, Sonia Cesteros Garcia, Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. Humanity struggles in an agonizing sprint to the finish line: finding a vaccine for Covid-19. Contemporary Engineering Sciences. 2020; 13 (1):211-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaston Sanglier Contreras; Eduardo Jose Lopez Fernandez; Sonia Cesteros Garcia; Roberto Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano. 2020. "Humanity struggles in an agonizing sprint to the finish line: finding a vaccine for Covid-19." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1: 211-232.