A series of binary tellurite based glasses (Bi₂O₃)_x (TeO₂)_100−x was prepared by melt quenching method. The density, molar volume and refractive index increase when bismuth ions Bi³⁺ increase, this is due to the increased polarization of the ions Bi³⁺ and the enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show the bonding of the glass sample and the optical band gap, E_opt decreases while the refractive index increases when the ion Bi³⁺ content increases.

Spectrophotometric studies of lead borotellurite glasses were carried out before and after gamma irradiation exposure. The increasing peak on the TeO₄ bi-pyramidal arrangement and TeO₃₊₁ (or distorted TeO₄) is due to augmentation of irradiation dose which is attributed to an increase in degree of disorder of the amorphous phase. The structures of lead tellurate contain Pb₃TeO₆ consisting of TeO₃ trigonal pyramid connected by PbO₄ tetragonal forming a three-dimensional network. The decrease of glass rigidity is due to irradiation process which is supported by the XRD diffractograms results. The decreasing values of absorption edge indicate that red shift effect occur after irradiation processes. A shift in the optical absorption edge attributed to an increase of the conjugation length. The values of optical band gap, E_opt were calculated and found to be dependent on the glass composition and radiation exposure. Generally, an increase and decrease in Urbach’s energy can be considered as being due to an increase in defects within glass network.

Erbium nanoparticles (NPs) doped zinc borotellurite glasses have been prepared by conventional melt‐quenching technique with the chemical composition (where y = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05). The structural properties of the prepared glasses were determined via X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and FTIR analysis. It was confirmed that the prepared glasses are amorphous. The bonding parameters of the glasses were analyzed by using FTIR analysis and were confirmed to be ionic in nature. The refractive index increases as the content of erbium NPs increases. The optical absorption spectra revealed that fundamental absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength as the content of erbium NPs increases. The value of band gap had been calculated and shown to be decreased with an increase content of erbium NPs. The Urbach energy was shown to be linearly increased with an increase content of erbium NPs oxides.

A systematic set of borotellurite glasses doped with manganese (1–x) [(B₂O₃)_0.3(TeO₂)_0.7]-xMnO, with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol%, were successfully synthesized by using a conventional melt and quench-casting technique. In this study, the remelting effect of the glass samples on their microstructure was investigated through density measurement and FT-IR spectra and evaluated by XRD techniques. Initial experimental results from XRD evaluation show that there are two distinct phases of glassy and crystallite microstructure due to the existence of peaks in the sample. The different physical behaviors of the studied glasses were closely related to the concentration of manganese in each phase. FTIR spectra revealed that the addition of manganese oxide contributes the transformation of TeO₄ trigonal bipyramids with bridging oxygen (BO) to TeO₃ trigonal pyramids with non-bridging oxygen (NBO).

This paper presents the results of the physical and elastic properties of the ternary zinc oxyfluoro tellurite glass system. Systematic series of glasses (AlF₃)_x(ZnO)_y(TeO₂)_z with x = 0–19, y = 0–20 and z = 80, 85, 90 mol% were synthesized by the conventional rapid melt quenching technique. The composition dependence of the physical, mainly density and molar volume, and elastic properties is discussed in term of the AlF₃ modifiers addition that are expected to produce quite substantial changes in their physical properties. The absence of any crystalline peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the present glass samples indicates the amorphous nature. The addition of AlF₃ lowered the values of the densities in ternary oxyfluorotellurite glass systems. The longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves propagated in each glass sample were measured using a MBS8020 ultrasonic data acquisition system. All the velocity data were taken at 5 MHz frequency and room temperature. The longitudinal modulus (L), shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E), bulk modulus (K) and Poisson’s ratio () are obtained from both velocities data and their respective density. Experimental data shows the density and elastic moduli of each AlF₃-ZnO-TeO₂ series are found strongly depend upon the glass composition. The addition of AlF₃ modifiers into the zinc tellurite causes substantial changes in their density, molar volume as well as their elastic properties.