Spectrophotometric studies of lead borotellurite glasses were carried out before and after gamma irradiation exposure. The increasing peak on the TeO₄ bi-pyramidal arrangement and TeO₃₊₁ (or distorted TeO₄) is due to augmentation of irradiation dose which is attributed to an increase in degree of disorder of the amorphous phase. The structures of lead tellurate contain Pb₃TeO₆ consisting of TeO₃ trigonal pyramid connected by PbO₄ tetragonal forming a three-dimensional network. The decrease of glass rigidity is due to irradiation process which is supported by the XRD diffractograms results. The decreasing values of absorption edge indicate that red shift effect occur after irradiation processes. A shift in the optical absorption edge attributed to an increase of the conjugation length. The values of optical band gap, E_opt were calculated and found to be dependent on the glass composition and radiation exposure. Generally, an increase and decrease in Urbach’s energy can be considered as being due to an increase in defects within glass network.

In the current study, BaO was doped in Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃-SLS glass to develop lead-free radiation shielding glasses and to solve the dark brown of bismuth glass. The melt-quenching method was utilized to fabricate (x) BaO (1 − x)[0.3 ZnO 0.2 Bi₂O₃ 0.2 B₂O₃ 0.3 SLS] (where x are 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mol) at 1200 °C. Soda lime silica glass waste (SLS), which is mostly composed of 74.1% SiO₂, was used to obtain SiO₂. The mass attenuation coefficient (${\mu }_m$) was investigated utilizing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) at 16.61, 17.74, 21.17, and 25.27 keV and narrow beam geometry at 59.54, 662, and 1333 keV. Moreover, the other parameters related to gamma ray shielding properties such as half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number ($Z_{eff}$) were computed depending on ${\mu }_m$ values. The results indicated that HVL and MFP decreased, whereas ${\mu }_m$ increased with an increase in BaO concentration. According to these results, it can be concluded that BaO doped in Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃-SLS glass is a nontoxic, transparent to visible light, and a good shielding material against radiation.

The current study aims to enhance the efficiency of lead-free glass as a shielding material against radiation, solve the problem of the dark brown of bismuth glass, and reduce the accumulation of waste glass disposed in landfills by using soda-lime-silica SLS glass waste. The melt-quenching method was utilized to fabricate (WO${}_3{)}_x$ [(Bi${}_2$O${}_3$)${}_{0.2}$ (ZnO)${}_{0.3}$ (B${}_2$O${}_3$)${}_{0.2}$ (SLS)${}_{0.3}$]${}_{1-x}$ at 1200 °C, where x = (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mol). Soda lime silica SLS glass waste, which is mostly composed of 74.1 % SiO${}_2$, was used to obtain SiO${}_2$. Radiation Attenuation parameters were investigated using narrow-beam geometry and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Furthermore, the parameters related to radiation shielding were calculated. The results showed that when WO${}_3$ concentration was increased, the half-value layer was reduced, whereas the $\mu$ increased. It could be concluded that WBiBZn-SLS glass is a good shielding material against radiation, nontoxic, and transparent to visible light.