Small olefins from syngas: The conversion of coal or natural gas to liquid fuels or chemicals often proceeds through the production of CO and H ₂ . This mixture, known as syngas, is then converted to hydrocarbons with Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. For the light olefins (ethylene to butylenes) needed for chemical and polymer synthesis, conventional catalysts are mechanistically limited to <60% conversion and deactivate through carbon buildup. Jiao et al. developed a bifunctional catalyst that achieves higher conversions and avoids deactivation (see the Perspective by de Jong). A zinc-chromium oxide creates ketene intermediates that are then coupled over a zeolite. Science , this issue p. 1065 , see also p. 1030

A hydrotalcite-derived Ni-Al₂O₃ catalyst can catalyze HMF hydrogenation to DMF, DMTHF and DHMTHF with high yields (91.5%, 97.4% and 96.2% respectively).

Molecular interactions with both oxides and metals are essential for heterogenous catalysis, leading to remarkable synergistic impacts on activity and selectivity. Here, we show that the direct link between the two phases (and not merely being together) is required to selectively hydrogenate CO₂ to methanol on catalysts containing Cu and ZrO₂. Materials consisting of isolated Cu particles or atomically dispersed Cu–O–Zr sites only catalyze the reverse water-gas shift reaction. In contrast, a metal organic framework structure (UiO-66) with Cu nanoparticles occupying missing-linker defects maximizes the fraction of metallic Cu interfaced to ZrO₂ nodes leading to a material with high adsorption capacity for CO₂ and high activity and selectivity for low-temperature methanol synthesis.