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Forty-nine accessions were collected from arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan to explore adaptive components in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Single-line selections of these accessions were grown on an arid and a control site; that is, Uchkera Farm (UF) and Botanical Garden (BG), Faisalabad. The accessions grown at BG exhibited significantly better biomass and grain yield production than those grown at UF. Accession Ck5 from Chakwal produced the maximum grain yield (17.7 g plant−1) at BG and Jm3 (8.1 g plant−1) at UF. Among the eight accessions selected for further anatomical studies, Dg2 showed increased yield per plant at UF, which was related to root modifications like increased cortical region thickness, endodermal cell area, vascular region thickness, metaxylem area, and root hair length. Stem modifications included increased vascular bundle area, phloem area and stomatal density, while leaves showed increased cuticle thickness, bulliform cell thickness, trichome density, and length. Increased stomatal density and area were also found. Accession Jm3 showed a decrease in yield at UF. Root modifications in Jm3 included increased epidermal cell area, sclerenchymatous thickness, endodermal cell area, and root hair length. Stem modifications in this accession included increased stem cellular region thickness and sclerenchymatous cell area. Leaves had increased abaxial epidermal cell area, trichome number and length, and abaxial stomatal density. In conclusion, morpho-anatomical characteristics varied greatly in the red-grained wheat accessions at both experimental sites that have potential for incorporation into breeding efforts for drought tolerance in modern wheat cultivars.
Muhammad Waseem; Sahar Mumtaz; Mansoor Hameed; Sana Fatima; Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad; Farooq Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Iftikhar Ahmad. Adaptive traits for drought tolerance in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces. Arid Land Research and Management 2021, 1 -32.
AMA StyleMuhammad Waseem, Sahar Mumtaz, Mansoor Hameed, Sana Fatima, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Iftikhar Ahmad. Adaptive traits for drought tolerance in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces. Arid Land Research and Management. 2021; ():1-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Waseem; Sahar Mumtaz; Mansoor Hameed; Sana Fatima; Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad; Farooq Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Iftikhar Ahmad. 2021. "Adaptive traits for drought tolerance in red-grained wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces." Arid Land Research and Management , no. : 1-32.
Improvement in tolerance to stresses, including heat stress, through classical breeding or a biotechnological approach depends on precise selection criteria. The criteria could be morphological characteristics, yield attributes, or physio-biochemical and molecular processes. Classical plant breeders have conducted breeding programs to achieve enhanced stress tolerance or yield often without acquiring a knowledge of the pertinent physiological processes mediating such traits. However, breeding based on yield per se has not been so successful because yield is not a significantly heritable trait. Thus, for a successful breeding program, knowledge of physio-biochemical and molecular processes involved in stress tolerance is indispensable. In this review, various viable physio-biochemical and molecular selection criteria are discussed that could be used by breeders or biotechnologists to improve thermotolerance in important crops. How far these criteria are consistently expressed at different plant phenological stages and how their expression varies between species or between cultivars are also deliberated in the review. This will enable biotechnologists to direct their programs precisely to identify the specific genes and carry out gene editing using advanced viable techniques to achieve enhanced thermotolerance in plants.
M. Ashraf. Thermotolerance in plants: Potential physio-biochemical and molecular markers for crop improvement. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2021, 186, 104454 .
AMA StyleM. Ashraf. Thermotolerance in plants: Potential physio-biochemical and molecular markers for crop improvement. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2021; 186 ():104454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Ashraf. 2021. "Thermotolerance in plants: Potential physio-biochemical and molecular markers for crop improvement." Environmental and Experimental Botany 186, no. : 104454.
The influence of seed priming with varying levels (50 and 100 mg L−1) of alpha-tocopherol (Toc) was investigated in carrot plants under water-deficit conditions. For this purpose, two cultivars of carrot, DC4 and DC90, were selected and subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity (FC)) and water-deficit stress (50% FC). After 21 days of water-deficit conditions, a significant suppression was observed in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, their lengths, chlorophyll a, b and total contents, and total soluble proteins (TSP). However, an up-regulatory effect of water stress was observed on the concentrations of glycinebetaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. Exogenous application of alpha-tocopherol was effective in reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents and improving all growth attributes, contents of chlorophyll, proline, GB, AsA, total phenolics, TSP, and the activities of CAT and POD enzymes. Of both carrot cultivars, cv. DC4 had better performance in terms of growth attributes, whereas the response of the two cultivars was similar in all other attributes varying water regimes. Overall, it is suggested that seed priming with 100 mg L−1 Toc was effective in improving plant growth attributes, osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of carrot plants under water-deficit conditions.
Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 469 .
AMA StyleAbdul Hameed, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 469.
We investigated changes in plant morphology, anatomy and physiology in a commonly occurring weed, Euphorbia helioscopia L. due to exposure to post‐emergence herbicides. Weed plants were sprayed with one of the following herbicides: pyrimidinyl sulphonylharnstoffe (PS), tribenuron‐methyl (TM), fluroxypyr‐methyl tribenuron‐methyl (FMTM) and bromoxynil (Br). The PS treatment significantly decreased plant height, promoted initiation of side branches and induced a prostrate habit. A specific response of root anatomy to PS and Br treatments was the high proportion of storage parenchyma. The Br‐treated plants showed thickest roots with a significantly large storage parenchyma, not only in the central portion of roots, but also in the cortical parenchyma outside the vascular tissue. A high proportion of xylem in the central portion of roots in the TM or FMTM‐treated plants provides a strong survival response in E. helioscopia. Disintegration of stem cortical parenchyma is the most prominent response of E. helioscopia when treated with a herbicide like PS or FMTM. Survival against these herbicides relates to a complete ring of vascular bundles and intact cortical parenchyma outside the vascular tissue. Increased leaf thickness was recorded in most of the cases except in the FMTM‐treated plants. The PS‐treated plants showed midrib thickness with two distinct vascular bundles. The cortical region, however, was found to be damaged by tissue collapse forming a large lysigenous aerenchyma. Euphorbia helioscopia had altered morphology, anatomy and physiology in response to herbicide application, which changed its growth in the field. To achieve control of this weed species, alternative strategies or higher doses of herbicide should be applied. Further research is required to determine the interaction of surviving weed plants with the crop.
Mishal Iftikhar; Iftikhar Ahmad; Mansoor Hameed; Sana Fatima; Farooq Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Zoya Nazish; Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad; Ahmad Muneeb. Structural and functional responses in sun spurge ( Euphorbia helioscopia L.) against post‐emergence herbicides in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Weed Research 2021, 61, 126 -136.
AMA StyleMishal Iftikhar, Iftikhar Ahmad, Mansoor Hameed, Sana Fatima, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Zoya Nazish, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Ahmad Muneeb. Structural and functional responses in sun spurge ( Euphorbia helioscopia L.) against post‐emergence herbicides in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Weed Research. 2021; 61 (2):126-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMishal Iftikhar; Iftikhar Ahmad; Mansoor Hameed; Sana Fatima; Farooq Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Zoya Nazish; Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad; Ahmad Muneeb. 2021. "Structural and functional responses in sun spurge ( Euphorbia helioscopia L.) against post‐emergence herbicides in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)." Weed Research 61, no. 2: 126-136.
The idea of enhanced methanol production from cell wall by pectin methyl esterase enzymes (PME) combined with expression of cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis as a strategy to improve insect pest control in cotton is presented. We constructed a cassette containing two cry genes (cry1Fa and Cry32Aa) and two pme genes, one from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPME), and other from Aspergillus. niger (AnPME) in pCAMBIA1301 plant expression vector using CAMV-35S promoter. This construction was transformed in Eagle-2 cotton variety by using shoot apex-cut Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression of cry genes and pme genes was confirmed by qPCR. Methanol production was measured in control and in the cry and pme transformed plants showing methanol production only in transformed plants, in contrast to the non-transgenic cotton plants. Finally, insect bioassays performed with transgenic plants expressing cry and pme genes showed 100% mortality for Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) larvae, 70% mortality for Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) larvae and 95% mortality of Earias fabia, (spotted bollworm) larvae, that was higher than the transgenic plants expressing only cry genes that showed 84%, 49% and 79% mortality, respectively. These results demonstrate that Bt. cry-genes coupled with pme genes are an effective strategy to improve the control of different insect pests.
Abdul Razzaq; Arfan Ali; Muhammad Mubashar Zafar; Aisha Nawaz; Deng Xiaoying; Li Pengtao; Ge Qun; Muhammad Ashraf; Maozhi Ren; Wankui Gong; Yuan Youlu. Pyramiding of cry toxins and methanol producing genes to increase insect resistance in cotton. GM Crops & Food 2021, 12, 382 -395.
AMA StyleAbdul Razzaq, Arfan Ali, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Aisha Nawaz, Deng Xiaoying, Li Pengtao, Ge Qun, Muhammad Ashraf, Maozhi Ren, Wankui Gong, Yuan Youlu. Pyramiding of cry toxins and methanol producing genes to increase insect resistance in cotton. GM Crops & Food. 2021; 12 (1):382-395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Razzaq; Arfan Ali; Muhammad Mubashar Zafar; Aisha Nawaz; Deng Xiaoying; Li Pengtao; Ge Qun; Muhammad Ashraf; Maozhi Ren; Wankui Gong; Yuan Youlu. 2021. "Pyramiding of cry toxins and methanol producing genes to increase insect resistance in cotton." GM Crops & Food 12, no. 1: 382-395.
Several inorganic and organic compounds including glycine betaine (GB) are presently being used as an exogenous application to enhance tolerance in plants to different environmental stresses. The current study assessed to what extent exogenously applied GB could improve the gaseous exchange capacity and primary and secondary metabolites in two accessions (16178 and 16180) of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants under drought stress. Three-week-old plants of both safflower accessions were subjected to well-watered (control) or water-deficit conditions (60% field capacity (FC)). Three levels of GB (control, 50 mM and 100 mM) were sprayed to the foliage of the control and stressed plants after one month of drought application. After two weeks of foliar application of GB, gas exchange characteristics and other biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed that water deficiency markedly suppressed plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate (A), water use efficiency (A/E), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water contents (RWC) of both accessions of safflower, while it enhanced the levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total phenolics. Foliar application of GB was effective in enhancing the plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gs, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, osmolytes, H2O2, ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics and RWC in safflower plants under water shortage. Thus, exogenous application of GB could be used as an effective strategy to improve plant growth, photosynthetic attributes and secondary metabolites in safflower plants under water deficit conditions.
Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10649 .
AMA StyleZanib Nazar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10649.
Under rain-fed conditions, foliar application of nutrients is an efficient tool to eliminate the adverse effects of nutrients shortage and helpful to catch the maximum yield of any crop. Field experiments were executed to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of different strengths and application times of Hoagland’s solution on growth and yield characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rain-fed conditions. The treatments consisted of distilled water (control), 25, 50, and 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution sprayed at 7, 14, and 21 days after crop emergence (DACE) on two chickpea cultivars C-44 and CM-72. In terms of growth and yield, CM-72 showed superiority over C-44. The 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution showed an improvement of 32.9, 37.9, 35.3, 13.5, and 35% in dry weight, plant height, 100- seed weight, seed yield, and biological yield, respectively when sprayed at 21 DACE than distilled water. However, the lower strength (25%) of Hoagland’s solution produced similar results to distilled water. It is recommended that under rain-fed conditions chickpea cultivar CM-72 should be cultivated with a foliar supply of 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution at 21 DACE to obtain the maximum growth and yield.
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid; Hasnain Waheed; Nadeem Nazami; Muhammad Ashraf; Feng-Min Li; Asif Tanveer; University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Lanzhou University; University of Agriculture. Response of chickpea to foliar supply of Hoagland’s solution under rain-fed condition. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 2020, 41, 3053 -3066.
AMA StyleMuhammad Mansoor Javaid, Hasnain Waheed, Nadeem Nazami, Muhammad Ashraf, Feng-Min Li, Asif Tanveer, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Lanzhou University, University of Agriculture. Response of chickpea to foliar supply of Hoagland’s solution under rain-fed condition. Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 2020; 41 (6supl2):3053-3066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mansoor Javaid; Hasnain Waheed; Nadeem Nazami; Muhammad Ashraf; Feng-Min Li; Asif Tanveer; University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Lanzhou University; University of Agriculture. 2020. "Response of chickpea to foliar supply of Hoagland’s solution under rain-fed condition." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 6supl2: 3053-3066.
Cadmium (Cd) metal toxicity is a crucial ecological matter that requires immediate efforts to mitigate it. Brassica juncea plants were exposed to Cd (0 and 200 µM as CdSO4) and foliar application of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) (0, 10−7and 10−5 M). The toxic effect of Cd was evident in terms of declined growth and biomass yield, lowered levels of pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence, and reduction in gas exchange attributes. The levels of proline and glycinebetaine increased in response to Cd treatment. There was an imperative rise in the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde as well as electrolyte leakage in the Cd-stressed plants. With the application of EBR, there was a significant replenishment in growth attributes and photosynthetic efficacy. The contents of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and malondialdehyde as well as electrolyte leakage were reduced by the hormone supplementation. Enhancement in the contents of glutathione and ascorbic acid, and the activities of enzymes of the antioxidative defense system and glyoxalase system was recorded in response to Cd as well as hormone treatment. The in-situ levels of Cd in roots and shoot were augmented in response to Cd treatment, but were found to be lowered by the EBR application.
Pravej Alam; Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli; Thamer Al Balawi; Fahad Altalayan; Prawez Alam; Muhammad Ashraf; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Under Cadmium Toxicity. Plants 2020, 9, 1487 .
AMA StylePravej Alam, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Thamer Al Balawi, Fahad Altalayan, Prawez Alam, Muhammad Ashraf, Renu Bhardwaj, Parvaiz Ahmad. Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Under Cadmium Toxicity. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1487.
Chicago/Turabian StylePravej Alam; Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli; Thamer Al Balawi; Fahad Altalayan; Prawez Alam; Muhammad Ashraf; Renu Bhardwaj; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Growth, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System in Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Under Cadmium Toxicity." Plants 9, no. 11: 1487.
Cengiz Kaya; Mustafa Aslan; Ferhat Uğurlar; Muhammad Ashraf. Thiamine-induced nitric oxide improves tolerance to boron toxicity in pepper plants by enhancing antioxidants. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2020, 44, 379 -390.
AMA StyleCengiz Kaya, Mustafa Aslan, Ferhat Uğurlar, Muhammad Ashraf. Thiamine-induced nitric oxide improves tolerance to boron toxicity in pepper plants by enhancing antioxidants. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 2020; 44 (4):379-390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCengiz Kaya; Mustafa Aslan; Ferhat Uğurlar; Muhammad Ashraf. 2020. "Thiamine-induced nitric oxide improves tolerance to boron toxicity in pepper plants by enhancing antioxidants." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 44, no. 4: 379-390.
Accumulation of arsenic (As) in soils is increasing consistently day-by-day, which has resulted in increased toxicity of this element in various crop plants. Arsenic interferes with several plant metabolic processes at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels, which result in reduced plant productivity. Hence, the introduction of novel ameliorating agents to combat this situation is the need of the hour. The present study was designed to examine the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) in As-stressed soybean plants. Various plant growth factors and enzymes were studied at varying concentrations of As and ZnO–NPs. Our results showed that with the application of ZnO–NPs, As concentration declined in both root and shoot of soybean plants. The lengths of shoot and root, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photochemical yield and other factors declined with an increase in external As level. However, the application of ZnO–NPs to the As-stressed soybean plants resulted in a considerable increase in these factors. Moreover, the enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a significant increase in their activity with the application of ZnO–NPs to the As-stressed plants. Hence, our study confirms the significance of ZnO–NPs in alleviating the toxicity of As in soybean plants.
Parvaiz Ahmad; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Asma A. Al-Huqail; Moneerah A. Alqahtani; Leonard Wijaya; Muhammad Ashraf; Cengiz Kaya; Andrzej Bajguz. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Application Alleviates Arsenic (As) Toxicity in Soybean Plants by Restricting the Uptake of as and Modulating Key Biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Enzymes, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System. Plants 2020, 9, 825 .
AMA StyleParvaiz Ahmad, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Asma A. Al-Huqail, Moneerah A. Alqahtani, Leonard Wijaya, Muhammad Ashraf, Cengiz Kaya, Andrzej Bajguz. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Application Alleviates Arsenic (As) Toxicity in Soybean Plants by Restricting the Uptake of as and Modulating Key Biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Enzymes, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System. Plants. 2020; 9 (7):825.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParvaiz Ahmad; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Asma A. Al-Huqail; Moneerah A. Alqahtani; Leonard Wijaya; Muhammad Ashraf; Cengiz Kaya; Andrzej Bajguz. 2020. "Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Application Alleviates Arsenic (As) Toxicity in Soybean Plants by Restricting the Uptake of as and Modulating Key Biochemical Attributes, Antioxidant Enzymes, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System." Plants 9, no. 7: 825.
The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system in four cultivars (16171, 16183, 16207 and 16246) of safflower under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Water stress (60% field capacity) significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths and chlorophyll contents in all four safflower cultivars, while it increased the leaf free proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, hydrogen peroxide content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Foliar-applied (100 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1) ascorbic acid caused a marked improvement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, chlorophyll and AsA contents as well as the activity of peroxidase (POD) enzyme particularly under water deficit conditions. It also increased the accumulation of leaf proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and glycine betaine (GB) content in all four cultivars. Exogenously applied AsA lowered the contents of MDA and H2O2, and the activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. Overall, exogenously applied AsA had a positive effect on the growth of safflower plants under water deficit conditions which could be related to AsA-induced enhanced osmoprotection and regulation of antioxidant defense system.
Ayesha Farooq; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Nudrat A. Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants 2020, 9, 104 .
AMA StyleAyesha Farooq, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Nudrat A. Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (1):104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyesha Farooq; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Nudrat A. Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)." Plants 9, no. 1: 104.
Cengiz Kaya; Muhammad Ashraf. The endogenous L-cysteine desulfhydrase and hydrogen sulfide participate in supplemented phosphorus-induced tolerance to salinity stress in maize (Zeamays) plants. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020, 44, 36 -46.
AMA StyleCengiz Kaya, Muhammad Ashraf. The endogenous L-cysteine desulfhydrase and hydrogen sulfide participate in supplemented phosphorus-induced tolerance to salinity stress in maize (Zeamays) plants. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 2020; 44 (1):36-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCengiz Kaya; Muhammad Ashraf. 2020. "The endogenous L-cysteine desulfhydrase and hydrogen sulfide participate in supplemented phosphorus-induced tolerance to salinity stress in maize (Zeamays) plants." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 44, no. 1: 36-46.
Salinity has drastic effects on plant growth and productivity and is one of the major factors responsible for crop yield losses throughout the agricultural soils of the world. The mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants are regulated by a set of inherent multigenes and prevalent environmental factors, which bring about a myriad of metabolic changes in each plant part. The stress‐induced metabolic changes in the rice plant have been intensively studied, but extensively in plant parts such as stem, leaf, and root. However, little information exists in the literature about such stress‐induced architectural and physiological changes in rice grain, a premier staple food of a large proportion of human population. Thus, the current review comprehensively describes the effects of salinity stress on rice grain composition including changes in carbohydrate, protein, fat, and mineral contents. Elucidation of salinity induced changes in rice grain composition would help to understand whether or not a nutritious and healthy staple food is available to human population from rice grown under saline environments.
Abdul Razzaq; Arfan Ali; Luqman Safdar; Muhammad Mubashar Zafar; Yang Rui; Amir Shakeel; Abbad Shaukat; Muhammad Ashraf; Wankui Gong; Youlu Yuan. Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain composition and quality. Journal of Food Science 2019, 85, 14 -20.
AMA StyleAbdul Razzaq, Arfan Ali, Luqman Safdar, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Yang Rui, Amir Shakeel, Abbad Shaukat, Muhammad Ashraf, Wankui Gong, Youlu Yuan. Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain composition and quality. Journal of Food Science. 2019; 85 (1):14-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Razzaq; Arfan Ali; Luqman Safdar; Muhammad Mubashar Zafar; Yang Rui; Amir Shakeel; Abbad Shaukat; Muhammad Ashraf; Wankui Gong; Youlu Yuan. 2019. "Salt stress induces physiochemical alterations in rice grain composition and quality." Journal of Food Science 85, no. 1: 14-20.
In the current study, the effects of exogenously applied proline (25 and 50 mM) and low-temperature treatment were examined on the physiochemical parameters in the plants of two cultivars (V1 and V2) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The seeds were also exposed to chilling stress at 4 °C before sowing. Plants raised from the seeds treated with low temperature showed reduced plant growth and contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, but they had significantly increased contents of malondialdehyde, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, total soluble sugars, and total phenolics, as well as the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Cold stress applied to seeds remained almost ineffective in terms of bringing about changes in plant root, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The exogenous application of proline significantly increased plant growth, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, phenolics, and total soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, but it decreased malondialdehyde content. Overall, foliar application of proline was better than the seed treatment in improving root dry weight, root length, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase activity, whereas seed pre-treatment with proline was effective in improving shoot dry weight, shoot length, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase activity in both quinoa cultivars.
Hira Yaqoob; Nudrat A. Akram; Samrah Iftikhar; Muhammad Ashraf; Noman Khalid; Muhammad Sadiq; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad. Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Plants 2019, 8, 588 .
AMA StyleHira Yaqoob, Nudrat A. Akram, Samrah Iftikhar, Muhammad Ashraf, Noman Khalid, Muhammad Sadiq, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Leonard Wijaya, Parvaiz Ahmad. Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Plants. 2019; 8 (12):588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHira Yaqoob; Nudrat A. Akram; Samrah Iftikhar; Muhammad Ashraf; Noman Khalid; Muhammad Sadiq; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Plants 8, no. 12: 588.
: The present research was performed to assess the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt-stressed soybean plants. Salt stress suppressed growth, biomass yield, gas exchange parameters, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but all these parameters were up-regulated by EBR supply. Moreover, salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. EBR supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the accumulation of proline, glycinebetaine, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased with NaCl stress, but these attributes further increased with EBR supplementation. The activities of enzymes and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants involved in the Asc-Glu cycle also increased with NaCl stress, and further enhancement in these attributes was recorded by EBR supplementation. Salinity elevated the methylglyoxal content, but it was decreased by the EBR supplementation accompanying with up-regulation of the glyoxalase cycle (GlyI and GlyII). Salinity enhanced the Na+ uptake in root and shoot coupled with a decrease in uptake of Ca2+, K+, and P. However, EBR supplementation declined Na+ accumulation and promoted the uptake of the aforementioned nutrients. Overall, EBR supplementation regulated the salt tolerance mechanism in soybean plants by modulating osmolytes, activities of key enzymes, and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants.
Pravej Alam; Thamer H. AlBalawi; Fahad H. Altalayan; Afroz Bakht; Mohammad Abass Ahanger; Vaseem Raja; Muhammad Ashraf; Parvaiz Ahmad. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 640 .
AMA StylePravej Alam, Thamer H. AlBalawi, Fahad H. Altalayan, Afroz Bakht, Mohammad Abass Ahanger, Vaseem Raja, Muhammad Ashraf, Parvaiz Ahmad. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System. Biomolecules. 2019; 9 (11):640.
Chicago/Turabian StylePravej Alam; Thamer H. AlBalawi; Fahad H. Altalayan; Afroz Bakht; Mohammad Abass Ahanger; Vaseem Raja; Muhammad Ashraf; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System." Biomolecules 9, no. 11: 640.
The use of leaded gasoline adversely affects cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Study projects to rule out different variables of prognostic importance in lead-exposed subjects. A total of 317 traffic wardens with 5 years of outdoor experience and Hb levels < 10 µg/dl, and 100 traffic wardens with indoor duties were substituted in two groups. Levels of vitamins, cytokines, lead, iron, minerals, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation were estimated with help of their standard ELISA and spectrophotometric methods respectively. The present study show increased levels of lead in subjects (29.8 ± 3.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.2 µg/dl) that may be involved in increasing oxidative stress, i.e., levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and isoprostanes were increased in subjects (4.6 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 0.6 and 37.2 ± 5.1). Moreover, levels of antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), were decreased. It also exhibits reduced levels of different enzymes in anemic traffic wardens. Current study concludes that wardens exposed to environmental lead are more susceptible to develop cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It shows that toxicity of lead maybe responsible for redox imbalance and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, early detection of these biomarkers may help to reduce lead toxicity and it also may help to control the dilemma of uncontrolled environmental pollution by implicating strict actions against substandard gasoline.
Arif Malik; Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf; Muhammad Waqas Khan; Ayesha Zahid; Hassan Shafique; Sulayman Waquar; Siew Hua Gan. Implication of Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Prognostic Importance in Lead Exposed Subjects. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2019, 78, 329 -336.
AMA StyleArif Malik, Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Ayesha Zahid, Hassan Shafique, Sulayman Waquar, Siew Hua Gan. Implication of Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Prognostic Importance in Lead Exposed Subjects. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2019; 78 (3):329-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArif Malik; Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf; Muhammad Waqas Khan; Ayesha Zahid; Hassan Shafique; Sulayman Waquar; Siew Hua Gan. 2019. "Implication of Physiological and Biochemical Variables of Prognostic Importance in Lead Exposed Subjects." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 78, no. 3: 329-336.
Muhammad Adeel Ghafar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019, 43, 58 -66.
AMA StyleMuhammad Adeel Ghafar, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Sadiq. Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 2019; 43 (1):58-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Adeel Ghafar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. 2019. "Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 43, no. 1: 58-66.
Betaine, a non-toxic osmoprotectant, is believed to accumulate considerably in plants under stress conditions to maintain the osmotic pressure and promote a variety of processes involved in growth and development. Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT), a key enzyme for betaine synthesis, is reported to be regulated by its upstream promoter. In the present investigation, by using the transgenic approach, a 1048 bp long promoter region of ZmPEAMT gene from Zea mays was cloned and functionally characterized in tobacco. Computational analysis affirmed the existence of abiotic stress responsive cis-elements like ABRE, MYC, HST, LST etc., as well as pathogen, wound and phytohormone responsive motifs. For transformation in tobacco, four 5′-deletion constructs of 826 bp (P2), 642 bp (P3), 428 bp (P4) and 245 bp (P5) were constructed from the 1048 bp (P1) promoter fragment. The transgenic plants generated through a single event exhibited a promising expression of GUS reporter protein in the leaf tissues of treated with salt, drought, oxidative and cold stress as well as control plants. The GUS expression level progressively reduced from P1 to P5 in the leaf tissues, whereas a maximal expression was observed with the P3 construct in the leaves of control plants. The expression of GUS was noted to be higher in the leaves of osmotically- or salt-treated transgenic plants than that in the untreated (control) plants. An effective expression of GUS in the transgenic plants manifests that this promoter can be employed for both stress-inducible and constitutive expression of gene(s). Due to this characteristic, this potential promoter can be effectively used for genetic engineering of several crops.
Gai-Li Niu; Wei Gou; Xiang-Long Han; Cheng Qin; Li-Xin Zhang; Abd El-Fatah Abomohra; Muhammad Ashraf. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase Promoter from Maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 191 .
AMA StyleGai-Li Niu, Wei Gou, Xiang-Long Han, Cheng Qin, Li-Xin Zhang, Abd El-Fatah Abomohra, Muhammad Ashraf. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase Promoter from Maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (1):191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGai-Li Niu; Wei Gou; Xiang-Long Han; Cheng Qin; Li-Xin Zhang; Abd El-Fatah Abomohra; Muhammad Ashraf. 2018. "Cloning and Functional Analysis of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase Promoter from Maize (Zea mays L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 1: 191.
Salinity is a consistent factor of crop productivity loss in the world and in particular arid and semi-arid areas where the soil salinity and saline water are major problems. Plants employ various mechanisms to cope with salinity stress and activate an array of stress-responsive genes to counteract the salinity-induced osmotic and ionic stresses. Genetic improvement for salinity tolerance is challenging, and thus progress attained over the several decades has been far less than anticipated. The generation of an explosion of knowledge and technology related to genetics and genomics over the last few decades is promising in providing powerful tools for future development of salinity-tolerant cultivars. Despite a major progress in defining the underlying mechanisms of salinity tolerance, there are still major challenges to be overcome in translating and integrating the resultant information at the molecular level into plant-breeding practices. Various approaches have been suggested to improve the efficiency of plant breeding for increasing plant productivity under saline environments. In this context, breeding for salinity tolerance in crops largely depends upon the availability of genetic resources of tolerance, reliable screening techniques, identification of genetic components of tolerance, and successful genetic manipulation of desired genetic backgrounds. The efficiency of selection and breeding in the stressful environments can be improved through marker-assisted selection. To date, this is almost exclusively applied to major genes, but this requires to be extended to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling complex traits such as salinity tolerance to greatly enhance the impact. Moreover, methodologies for high-throughput genotyping, and the development of an array of “functional” markers can be much supportive. The introduction of novel genes or alteration in the expression patterns of the existing genes through the generation of transgenic plants can also be employed to overcome the limits in classical plant breeding. The introgression of wild halophytic attribute genes facilitated by genetic engineering is an alternative approach to bypass interspecific hybridization barriers, which will stimulate breakthrough in the future agriculture. The molecular dissection of salinity-tolerance trait, accompanying the classical quantitative genetics, is a substantial progress in updating tools and methods for the manipulation of plant genomes. Methods of gene discovery such as identification of candidate genes, QTL cloning, linkage and association mapping, and functional genomics such as identification of transcripts and proteins involved in salinity tolerance are necessary to manipulate the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex phenotype of salinity tolerance. Some of the challenges and opportunities have also been addressed in the present review with a particular emphasis on molecular breeding approaches to be employed in combination with other crop improvement strategies to develop salinity-tolerant cultivars.
Ahmad Arzani; M. Ashraf. Smart Engineering of Genetic Resources for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 2016, 35, 146 -189.
AMA StyleAhmad Arzani, M. Ashraf. Smart Engineering of Genetic Resources for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 2016; 35 (3):146-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad Arzani; M. Ashraf. 2016. "Smart Engineering of Genetic Resources for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 35, no. 3: 146-189.
To evaluate the response of some selected wheat cultivars to silicon application at different growth stages under drought stress, an experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, during 2012 using a completely randomized factorial design with four replications. Experimental treatments included drought stress (100% F.C. as control and 40% F.C. as drought) and foliar application of 6 mM sodium silicate (control, application at mid tillering stage, at anthesis stage, and application at tillering + anthesis stages) and wheat cultivars (Sirvan and Chamran, relatively drought-tolerant, and Shiraz and Marvdasht, drought-sensitive cultivars). Drought stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biomass of all wheat cultivars. Furthermore, drought stress increased electrolyte leakage of the flag leaves of all cultivars. In contrast, foliar-applied silicon significantly increased these parameters and reduced electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, highest positive influence of silicon application was observed at combined use of silicon both at the tillering + anthesis stages in wheat plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. Significant differences were found in physiological responses among wheat cultivars. The drought tolerant cultivars (Sirvan and Chamran) had significantly higher growth and yield than those of drought sensitive cvs. Shiraz and Marvdasht under drought stress. In conclusion, foliar application of silicon especially at the tillering + anthesis stages was very effective in promoting resistance in wheat plants to drought conditions by maintaining cellular membrane integrity and relative water content, and increasing chlorophyll content.
Kobra Maghsoudi; Yahya Emam; Muhammad Ashraf. Foliar application of silicon at different growth stages alters growth and yield of selected wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2015, 39, 1194 -1203.
AMA StyleKobra Maghsoudi, Yahya Emam, Muhammad Ashraf. Foliar application of silicon at different growth stages alters growth and yield of selected wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2015; 39 (8):1194-1203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKobra Maghsoudi; Yahya Emam; Muhammad Ashraf. 2015. "Foliar application of silicon at different growth stages alters growth and yield of selected wheat cultivars." Journal of Plant Nutrition 39, no. 8: 1194-1203.