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Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh l1451, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Agronomy
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To ensure food security on sustainable basis, reducing weeds interference and boosting land use efficiency are critical. A field study was conducted at research farm of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, to sort out the most productive maize-gram intercropping system under semi-arid environment. Treatments included sole maize in single row (60 cm apart) (T1) and double rows (90 cm apart) (T2) strips, sole black (T3) and green gram (T4) crops, six single rows (60 cm apart) of maize with twelve double rows (20 cm) of black (T5) and green gram (T6), three double rows (90 cm apart) of maize with three sets of quadratic rows (20 cm apart) of black (T7) and green gram (T8). The experiment was executed in regular arrangement of randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that T1 produced the highest grain yield (6.97 t ha−1) of maize and significantly lower weeds infestation compared to wider row spacing (T2). Among intercropping systems, T8 significantly decreased weeds density (16.33 plants m−2) and their fresh (20.93 g m−2) and dry weights (5.63 g m−2), while the maximum land use efficiency as indicated by unmatched land equivalent ratio and intercropping advantage were recorded by T7 and T8. Interestingly, green gram in intercropping recorded over 58% higher productivity than black gram. We conclude that maize-green gram intercropping hold potential to impart sustainability to maize production by reducing weeds infestation (431% lower than sole maize) and could be a viable option for smallholder farmers in semi-arid environment.

ACS Style

Rana Nadeem Abbas; Muhammad Awais Arshad; Asif Iqbal; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Muhammad Imran; Ali Raza; Jen-Tsung Chen; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Daniel Ingo Hefft. Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1615 .

AMA Style

Rana Nadeem Abbas, Muhammad Awais Arshad, Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Muhammad Imran, Ali Raza, Jen-Tsung Chen, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Daniel Ingo Hefft. Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rana Nadeem Abbas; Muhammad Awais Arshad; Asif Iqbal; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Muhammad Imran; Ali Raza; Jen-Tsung Chen; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Daniel Ingo Hefft. 2021. "Weeds Spectrum, Productivity and Land-Use Efficiency in Maize-Gram Intercropping Systems under Semi-Arid Environment." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1615.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Generally white color of the skin is regarded as a feature of superiority and prettiness around the world. Both the males and females in Pakistan apply skin-lightening creams (SLC) but they do not know about the side-effects of their constituents. Skin-lightening products include SLC and related ointments. The SLC are made by mixing fates and water in standard procedure. Here, 20 SLC specimens were obtained and subjected to mercury, hydroquinone and the total plate count (TPC). The hydroquinone in SLC was determined using HPLC, mercury level was assessed by ICP OES and finally TPC were computing by utilizing nutrient media (Agar). The hydroquinone in SLC ranged from 0 to 7.14 ± 0.18% with a median value of 0.33%. In 25% of the studied samples, hydroquinone was not detected, 70% of the samples showed values within the limit and 5% of the samples (1 sample) had a hydroquinone concentration above the permissible limit defined by Pakistan (5%). The mercury ranged 0-7.7 ppm, with a median value of 2.5 ppm. Mercury was detected in 95% of the samples; thus, only 5% of the samples had no mercury. In turn, 20% had mercury within the limit value while 75% of the samples had concentration above the Pakistan standard limit (1 ppm). Moreover, TPC obtained in this study was less than the allowable value set according to European Union (EU). Hence, the SLC samples showed high concentration of toxic constituents which could cause deleterious skin diseases. Government must monitor such kind of cosmetic products regularly in order to reduce the danger.

ACS Style

Mehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8786 .

AMA Style

Mehreen Arshad, Yumna Sadef, Muhammad Shakoor, Muhammad Naeem, Farzana Bashir, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Irfan Abid, Naeem Khan, Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8786.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among the environmental aspects, drought and salinity are the most important factors, which limit the forages, including grasses, on a global basis. Grass species have the ability to grow under low water conditions and can produce high dry yield, proteins, and energy in areas exposed to drought stress. For this purpose, we conducted the present study to understand the response of forage grasses under drought stress from two different regions (Salt Range and Faisalabad) of Punjab, Pakistan. Two ecotypes of each grass species (Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz.) were grown in pots at the botanical research area, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. A group of plants were subjected to drought stress (60% field capacity) and controlled (100% field capacity) after three weeks of seed germination. The results from the present study depicted that the fresh and dry weights of root and shoot were decreased significantly under drought conditions. Moreover, C. ciliaris of the Salt Range area showed more resistance and higher growth production under drought stress. The chlorophyll (a and b) contents were also decreased significantly, while MDA, total soluble sugars, and proline levels were increased significantly under water-limited environments in the C. arenarius of Salt Range area. Enzymatic antioxidants (superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) and leaf Na+ were significantly raised in C. arenarius under drought stress collected from the Faisalabad region. Cenchrus ciliaris showed higher level of H2O2, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, catalase (CAT) and POD compared to C. arenarius. It also retained more leaf and root Ca2+, and root K+ under drought stress. It was concluded from the study that C. ciliaris is more resistant to drought in biomass production collected from the Salt Range area. The results suggested that C. ciliaris can be more widely used as a forage grass under water-scarce conditions as compared to C. arenarius.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ghafar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Jianyong Wang; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8069 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Ghafar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Jianyong Wang, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Alyemeni. Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ghafar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Jianyong Wang; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8069.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.

ACS Style

Shehzad Mehmood; Amir Khan; Fuchen Shi; Muhammad Tahir; Tariq Sultan; Muhammad Munis; Prashant Kaushik; Mohammed Alyemeni; Hassan Chaudhary. Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8030 .

AMA Style

Shehzad Mehmood, Amir Khan, Fuchen Shi, Muhammad Tahir, Tariq Sultan, Muhammad Munis, Prashant Kaushik, Mohammed Alyemeni, Hassan Chaudhary. Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shehzad Mehmood; Amir Khan; Fuchen Shi; Muhammad Tahir; Tariq Sultan; Muhammad Munis; Prashant Kaushik; Mohammed Alyemeni; Hassan Chaudhary. 2021. "Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8030.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The socio-economic development of a country is highly dependent on water availability. Nowadays, increasing water scarcity is a major global challenge. Continuing improvements in water-use efficiency are essential for cotton production sustainability. Reduced irrigation in cotton could be a solution to water shortage in the arid climate without compromising the cotton yield. Therefore, a two-year field study was conducted to assess the effect of two levels of irrigation i.e., 50% and 100% of available water content (AWC) on the yield of four cotton genotypes (CIM-678, CIM-343, CRIS-613, and CYTO-510). The maximum seed cotton yield was observed in CIM-678, which was 2.31 and 2.46 Mg ha−1 under 100% AWC during 2018 and 2019, respectively, and was non-significantly reduced by 7.7 and 8.94%, owing to deficit irrigation. The maximum water use efficiency (WUE) of 0.55 and 0.64 Kg ha−1 mm−1 was observed under 50% AWC in CIM-678, which was significantly higher than WUE at 100% AWC during both years. Leaf area index and physiological parameters such as photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were not significantly affected by deficit irrigation. So, it was concluded that the reduced irrigation technique performed well without significant yield loss, improve WUE, and saved 37 cm of water that could be used for other crops or to increase the area of the cotton crop.

ACS Style

Hafiz Ahmad; Muhammad Imran; Fiaz Ahmad; Shah Rukh; Rao Ikram; Hafiz Rafique; Zafar Iqbal; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Tanveer- Ul- Haq. Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4044 .

AMA Style

Hafiz Ahmad, Muhammad Imran, Fiaz Ahmad, Shah Rukh, Rao Ikram, Hafiz Rafique, Zafar Iqbal, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali, Tanveer- Ul- Haq. Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Ahmad; Muhammad Imran; Fiaz Ahmad; Shah Rukh; Rao Ikram; Hafiz Rafique; Zafar Iqbal; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali; Tanveer- Ul- Haq. 2021. "Improving Water Use Efficiency through Reduced Irrigation for Sustainable Cotton Production." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4044.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic elements on earth. The main origins of Pb pollution are automobiles, paint and electroplating industries. Pb-induced stress has very toxic effects on plant growth and biomass. The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells significantly increases under Pb stress, which interrupts the biochemical cycles in cells and leads to cell death. Therefore, it is essential to clean up the Pb-polluted soils. Among all techniques that are used to clean soil that is metal-contaminated, the best technique is phytoremediation. The present study intends to determine the role of citric acid (CA) and glutathione (GSH) in the phytoremediation of Pb by using castor bean plants. Plant biomass was significantly reduced due to Pb stress. Lead toxicity was also harmful to the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activities. In reverse, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 concentration and electrolyte leakage (EL) were increased under Pb stress. The combined application of GSH and CA enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities and plant biomass and minimized MDA, H2O2 and EL under Pb stress. The amount of Pb in roots and leaves remarkably increased by the joint application of CA and GSH. The combined application of CA and GSH (5 mM + 25 mM, respectively) was proven to be beneficial compared to the control. From the present results, we can conclude that the combined application of CA and GSH promoted the phytoremediation of Pb and helped the host plant to combat Pb toxicity.

ACS Style

Fanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4073 .

AMA Style

Fanrong Zeng, Zahid Mallhi, Naeem Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Awais Ahmad, Afzal Hussain, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4073.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4073.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Massive production of carcinogenic fly ash waste poses severe threats to water bodies due to its disposal into drains and landfills. Fly ash can be a source of raw materials for the synthesis of adsorbents. Rag fly ash as a new class of raw materials could be a cheap source of Al and Si for the synthesis of Na-zeolites. In this work, NaOH activation, via a prefusion- and postfusion-based hydrothermal strategy, was practiced for the modification of rag fly ash into Na-zeolite. Morphology, surface porosity, chemical composition, functionality, mineral phases, and crystallinity, in conjunction with ion exchangeability of the tailored materials, were evaluated by SEM, ICP-OES, XRF, FTIR, XRD, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) techniques. Rag fly ash and the synthesized Na-zeolites were applied for the removal of Pb (II) from synthetic wastewater by varying the reaction conditions, such as initial metal ion concentration, mass of adsorbent, sorption time, and pH of the reaction medium. It was observed that Na-zeolite materials (1 g/100 mL) effectively removed up to 90–98% of Pb (II) ions from 100 mg/L synthetic solution within 30 min at pH ≈ 8. Freundlich adsorption isotherm favors the multilayer heterogeneous adsorption mechanism for the removal of Pb (II). It is reasonable to conclude that recycling of textile rag fly ash waste into value-added Na-zeolites for the treatment of industrial wastewater could be an emergent move toward achieving sustainable and green remediation.

ACS Style

Tabassum Hussain; Abdullah Hussain; Shahzad Chatha; Adnan Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Parvaiz Ahamd; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3373 .

AMA Style

Tabassum Hussain, Abdullah Hussain, Shahzad Chatha, Adnan Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Parvaiz Ahamd, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Alyemeni. Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum Hussain; Abdullah Hussain; Shahzad Chatha; Adnan Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Parvaiz Ahamd; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Na-Zeolites from Textile Waste Ash and Its Application for Removal of Lead (Pb) from Wastewater." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3373.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Salinity is extremely hazardous to agriculture worldwide and its expanding constantly. Soil of almost 100 countries facing salinity problem including Pakistan. Cyperus laevigatus also act as salinity indicator species is a naturally adapted halophyte dispersed in subtropical regions of world. Six populations of C. laevigatus were collected from different saline habitats to evaluate adaptations regarding anatomical and physiological characteristics. C. laevigatus is perfectly adapted to harsh environmental conditions like dry barren soils, saline lakes, hyper-saline wetlands and salt marshes. Ecological success of this species is due to plasticity in physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt variable environmental conditions. C. laevigatus is a halophyte, exhibited increased biomass production in moderately saline habitat. Higher uptake of K+ occurs to compensate the uptake of Na+ ion contents, a striking feature of salt-tolerant and halophytic species. Accumulation of osmoprotectants like proline, free amino acids, soluble sugar and protein contribute significantly to osmotic adjustment. Stem thickness enhanced as salinity level of habitat increased to store water in parenchymatous tissues under physiological drought. Intensive sclerification in root cortex provide mechanical strength to plant as well as prevent the radial leakage of water. Well-developed aerenchyma, increased vascular bundle area, broader vessels, small and dense stomata are critical to cope with environmental hazards. Population of Jahlar lake showing maximum biomass production indicate that this species grows better in moderate salinities. Therefore, this species will prove very useful for revegetation of salt affected rangeland and prairies by direct growth of such halophytic ecotypes.

ACS Style

Sahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 2655 -2666.

AMA Style

Sahar Mumtaz, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mansoor Hameed, Fatima Batool, Abida Parveen, Syeda Fasiha Amjad, Athar Mahmood, Muhammad Arfan, Shakeel Ahmed, Humaira Yasmin, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (5):2655-2666.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sahar Mumtaz; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mansoor Hameed; Fatima Batool; Abida Parveen; Syeda Fasiha Amjad; Athar Mahmood; Muhammad Arfan; Shakeel Ahmed; Humaira Yasmin; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 5: 2655-2666.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Journal of King Saud University - Science
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The present study explored the feasibility of waste biomass viz., Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) deoiled cake (KDC), and sundried biogas slurry (BGS) as a mixed substrate to develop Purpureocillium lilacinum 6029 based fungal formulation against plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The fungus cultured on KDC-BGS in a 60/40 ratio showed maximum egg mass inhibition (96.8%) and protease activity (376.65 U/g) along with superior colonization ability (100% colonization of egg mass on the third day). Incidentally, P. lilacinum spores obtained from the traditional substrate (wheat) inhibited only 68.72% egg mass hatching with a comparatively poor colonization rate construing the linkage between the nature of substrate and virulence of the fungus. Bioefficacy studies on tomato plants in the greenhouse revealed that the formulation with KDC-BGS as a substrate was 1.19 times more effective than the wheat-based formulation in controlling nematodes. Enhanced physical-biochemical parameters of tomato plants treated with the bioformulation further substantiated KDC-BGS as a reliable and economical substrate for P. lilacinum.

ACS Style

Abhishek Sharma; Satyawati Sharma; Naved Sabir; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Alyemeni. Impact assessment of Karanja deoiled cake and sundried biogas slurry as a mixed substrate on the nematicidal potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101399 .

AMA Style

Abhishek Sharma, Satyawati Sharma, Naved Sabir, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Alyemeni. Impact assessment of Karanja deoiled cake and sundried biogas slurry as a mixed substrate on the nematicidal potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (3):101399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abhishek Sharma; Satyawati Sharma; Naved Sabir; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Impact assessment of Karanja deoiled cake and sundried biogas slurry as a mixed substrate on the nematicidal potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 3: 101399.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan is facing severe water shortages, so using the available water efficiently is essential for maximizing crop production. This can be achieved through efficient irrigation practices. Field studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of soil water and the efficiency of water utilization for maize grown under five irrigation techniques (flood-irrigated flatbed, furrow-irrigated ridge, furrow-irrigated raised bed, furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch, and sprinkler-irrigated flatbed). Spring and summer maize was grown for two years. The Irrigation Management System (IManSys) was used to estimate the irrigation requirements, evapotranspiration, and other water balance components for this study’s different experimental treatments based on site-specific crop, soil, and weather parameters. The results showed that the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment produced the highest evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass yield compared to other treatments. However, this treatment did not produce the highest grain yield and had the lowest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) compared to the furrow-irrigated raised-bed treatment. The furrow-irrigated raised bed with plastic mulch (FIRBM) treatment improved grain yield, WUE, WUEi , and harvest index compared to the flood irrigation flatbed (FIF) treatment. The results showed a strong correlation between measured and estimated net irrigation requirements and evapotranspiration, with high r 2 values (0.93, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98) for the spring- and summer-sown maize. It was concluded that the FIRBM treatments improved the grain yield, WUE, and WUEi, which ultimately enhanced sustainable crop production. The growing of summer-sown maize in Pakistan has the potential for sustainable maize production under the semiarid and arid climate.

ACS Style

Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2757 .

AMA Style

Abdul Khan, Muhammad Imran, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan, Ali Fares, Jiří Šimůnek, Tanveer Ul-Haq, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni, Shafaqat Ali. Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Khan; Muhammad Imran; Anwar-Ul-Hassan Khan; Ali Fares; Jiří Šimůnek; Tanveer Ul-Haq; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Performance of Spring and Summer-Sown Maize under Different Irrigation Strategies in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2757.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Agronomy
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The influence of seed priming with varying levels (50 and 100 mg L−1) of alpha-tocopherol (Toc) was investigated in carrot plants under water-deficit conditions. For this purpose, two cultivars of carrot, DC4 and DC90, were selected and subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity (FC)) and water-deficit stress (50% FC). After 21 days of water-deficit conditions, a significant suppression was observed in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, their lengths, chlorophyll a, b and total contents, and total soluble proteins (TSP). However, an up-regulatory effect of water stress was observed on the concentrations of glycinebetaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. Exogenous application of alpha-tocopherol was effective in reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents and improving all growth attributes, contents of chlorophyll, proline, GB, AsA, total phenolics, TSP, and the activities of CAT and POD enzymes. Of both carrot cultivars, cv. DC4 had better performance in terms of growth attributes, whereas the response of the two cultivars was similar in all other attributes varying water regimes. Overall, it is suggested that seed priming with 100 mg L−1 Toc was effective in improving plant growth attributes, osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of carrot plants under water-deficit conditions.

ACS Style

Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 469 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hameed, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 469.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Biochar amendments are widely recognized to improve crop productivity and soil biogeochemical quality, however, their effects on vegetable crops are less studied. This pot study investigated the effects of cotton stick, corncob and rice straw biochars alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, soil physico–chemical and biological characteristics, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and amount of soil nutrients under recommended mineral fertilizer conditions in a nutrient-depleted alkaline soil. Biochars were applied at 0, 1.5 and 3% (w/w, basis) rates and FYM was added at 0 and 30 t ha−1 rates. Biochars were developed at 450 °C pyrolysis temperature and varied in total organic C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The results showed that biochars, their amounts and FYM significantly improved tomato growth which varied strongly among the biochar types, amounts and FYM. With FYM, the addition of 3% corncob biochar resulted in the highest total chlorophyll contents (9.55 ug g−1), shoot (76.1 cm) and root lengths (44.7 cm), and biomass production. Biochars with and without FYM significantly increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soil basal respiration increased with biochar for all biochars but not consistently after FYM addition. The water-extractable organic C (WEOC) and soil organic C (SOC) contents increased significantly with biochar amount and FYM, with the highest SOC found in the soil that received 3% corncob biochar with FYM. Microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN) and P (MBP) were the highest in corncob biochar treated soils followed by cotton stick and rice straw biochars. The addition of 3% biochars along with FYM also showed significant positive effects on soil mineral N, P and K contents. The addition of 3% corncob biochar with and without FYM always resulted in higher soil N, P and K contents at the 3% rate. The results further revealed that the positive effects of biochars on above-ground plant responses were primarily due to the improvements in below-ground soil properties, nutrients’ availability and SOC; however, these effects varied strongly between biochar types. Our study concludes that various biochars can enhance tomato production, soil biochemical quality and SOC in nutrient poor soil under greenhouse conditions. However, we emphasize that these findings need further investigations using long-term studies before adopting biochar for sustainable vegetable production systems.

ACS Style

Iqra Rehman; Muhammad Riaz; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Arif; Shafaqat Ali; Mohammed Alyemeni; Abdulaziz Alsahli. Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2652 .

AMA Style

Iqra Rehman, Muhammad Riaz, Sajid Ali, Muhammad Arif, Shafaqat Ali, Mohammed Alyemeni, Abdulaziz Alsahli. Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2652.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iqra Rehman; Muhammad Riaz; Sajid Ali; Muhammad Arif; Shafaqat Ali; Mohammed Alyemeni; Abdulaziz Alsahli. 2021. "Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2652.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The extensive use of lithium (Li) ion-based batteries has increased the contamination of soil and water systems due to widespread dispersal of Li products in the environment. In the current study, the influence of Li application on soil fertility and leachate was observed. Three soil samples were collected and five treatments of Li (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) were applied. After three months of Li treatment, leachate was collected and soil samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. The results showed that the mean values of soil pH were increased slightly after Li application while electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 µS/cm, indicating that soil was slightly saline in nature. The sodium was observed to be greater than the recommended values (0.3–0.7 mg/kg) in Li-amended soil while calcium and magnesium values decreased in soils compared to untreated soil. Mean values of phosphorus and potassium were greater before Li application and reduced considerably after Li application. Leachate analysis showed that all the parameters differed significantly except those of zinc and iron. The EC of leachate samples ranged from 2286–7188 µS/cm, which shows strong salinity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 1–11, which indicates that it falls into the marginal soil category. Lithium concentration in leachate samples ranged from 0–95 mg/L, which was significantly higher than the acceptable value for lithium (2.5 mg/L) in leachate. A soil sample (3) with an additional 10% organic matter showed that after Li application, the loss of nutrients in leachate was less as compared to the other two samples, demonstrating that organic matter improved soil conditions and suppressed the negative effects of Li on soil. Our results could raise concerns about risks in situations where food and fodder crops are associated with Li-contaminated waste disposal.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1705 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Hayyat, Rab Nawaz, Zafar Siddiq, Muhammad Shakoor, Maira Mushtaq, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1705.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Water
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Chromium (Cr) in water bodies is considered as a major environmental issue around the world. In the present study, aqueous Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk was studied as a function of various environmental parameters. Equilibrium time was achieved in 2 h and maximum Cr(VI) adsorption was 78.6% at pH 5.2 and 120 mg L−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration. In isotherm experiments, the maximum sorption was observed as 379.63 mg g−1. Among four isotherm models, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmuir models showed the best fitting to the adsorption data, suggesting physical and monolayer adsorption to be the dominant mechanism. The kinetic modeling showed that a pseudo-second order model was suitable to describe kinetic equilibrium data, suggesting a fast adsorption rate of Cr(VI). The results of FTIR spectroscopy indicated that mainly –OH and C–H contributed to Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk. This paper provided evidence that rice husk could be a cost-effective, environment-friendly and efficient adsorptive material for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater due to its high adsorption capacity.

ACS Style

Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water 2021, 13, 263 .

AMA Style

Usman Khalil, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water. 2021; 13 (3):263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation." Water 13, no. 3: 263.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Agronomy
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The boron (B) concentration surpasses the plant need in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, resulting in phyto-toxicity. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous signaling molecule responsible for stress tolerance in plants and is a potential candidate for ameliorating B toxicity. In this study, the effects of seed priming with SA (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM for 12 h) on the growth, pigmentation and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under B toxicity were investigated. One-week old seedlings were subjected to soil spiked with B (0, 15 and 30 mg kg−1 soil) as boric acid. Elevating concentrations of B reduced the root and shoot length, but these losses were significantly restored in plants raised from seeds primed with 100 µM of SA. The B application decreased the root and shoot fresh/dry biomasses significantly at 30 mg kg−1 soil. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased with increasing levels of B, while the contents of anthocyanin, H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASA) and glycinebetaine (GB) were enhanced. The root K and Ca contents were significantly increased, while a reduction in the shoot K contents was recorded. The nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the shoot as compared to the root under applied B toxic regimes. However, all of these B toxicity effects were diminished with 100 µM SA applications. The current study outcomes suggested that the exogenously applied SA modulates the response of plants grown under B toxic conditions, and hence could be used as a plant growth regulator to stimulate plant growth and enhance mineral nutrient uptake under B-stressed conditions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Nawaz; Sabtain Ishaq; Hasnain Ishaq; Naeem Khan; Naeem Iqbal; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Salicylic Acid Improves Boron Toxicity Tolerance by Modulating the Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) at an Early Growth Stage. Agronomy 2020, 10, 2013 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Nawaz, Sabtain Ishaq, Hasnain Ishaq, Naeem Khan, Naeem Iqbal, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Salicylic Acid Improves Boron Toxicity Tolerance by Modulating the Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) at an Early Growth Stage. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (12):2013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Nawaz; Sabtain Ishaq; Hasnain Ishaq; Naeem Khan; Naeem Iqbal; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2020. "Salicylic Acid Improves Boron Toxicity Tolerance by Modulating the Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) at an Early Growth Stage." Agronomy 10, no. 12: 2013.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Several inorganic and organic compounds including glycine betaine (GB) are presently being used as an exogenous application to enhance tolerance in plants to different environmental stresses. The current study assessed to what extent exogenously applied GB could improve the gaseous exchange capacity and primary and secondary metabolites in two accessions (16178 and 16180) of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants under drought stress. Three-week-old plants of both safflower accessions were subjected to well-watered (control) or water-deficit conditions (60% field capacity (FC)). Three levels of GB (control, 50 mM and 100 mM) were sprayed to the foliage of the control and stressed plants after one month of drought application. After two weeks of foliar application of GB, gas exchange characteristics and other biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed that water deficiency markedly suppressed plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate (A), water use efficiency (A/E), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water contents (RWC) of both accessions of safflower, while it enhanced the levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total phenolics. Foliar application of GB was effective in enhancing the plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gs, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, osmolytes, H2O2, ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics and RWC in safflower plants under water shortage. Thus, exogenous application of GB could be used as an effective strategy to improve plant growth, photosynthetic attributes and secondary metabolites in safflower plants under water deficit conditions.

ACS Style

Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10649 .

AMA Style

Zanib Nazar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10649.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2020 in Plants
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The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in edible plant parts and fertile lands is a worldwide problem. It negatively influences the growth and productivity of leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach, Spinacia oleracea L.), which have a high tendency to radially accumulate Cd. The present study investigated the influences of peptone application on the growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity, and Cd content of spinach plants grown under Cd stress. Cd toxicity negatively affected spinach growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange attributes. However, it increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL), proline accumulation, ascorbic acid content, Cd content, and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in spinach plants. The exogenous foliar application of peptone increased the growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, and gas exchange attributes of spinach plants. Furthermore, the application of peptone decreased Cd uptake and levels of MDA, H2O2, and EL in spinach by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This enhancement in plant growth and photosynthesis might be due to the lower level of Cd accumulation, which in turn decreased the negative impacts of oxidative stress in plant tissues. Taken together, the findings of the study revealed that peptone is a promising plant growth regulator that represents an efficient approach for the phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils and enhancement of spinach growth, yield, and tolerance under a Cd-dominant environment.

ACS Style

Naila Emanuil; Muhammad Sohail Akram; Shafaqat Ali; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Muhammad Iqbal; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Peptone-Induced Physio-Biochemical Modulations Reduce Cadmium Toxicity and Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plants 2020, 9, 1806 .

AMA Style

Naila Emanuil, Muhammad Sohail Akram, Shafaqat Ali, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Muhammad Iqbal, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Peptone-Induced Physio-Biochemical Modulations Reduce Cadmium Toxicity and Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naila Emanuil; Muhammad Sohail Akram; Shafaqat Ali; Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Muhammad Iqbal; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2020. "Peptone-Induced Physio-Biochemical Modulations Reduce Cadmium Toxicity and Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)." Plants 9, no. 12: 1806.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Soil quality deterioration, especially in intensive cropping systems, has become a serious problem for crop productivity; consequently, strategies for sustainable crop production and soil health are urgently required. Experiments on fields were organized to investigate the impact of organic manures on crop productivity, soil physiochemical properties and soil water availability in a maize-based cropping system. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including organic manures (OM) and inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers applied separately and in combinations: NPK = 250-150-125 Kg/ha (recommended rate), farmyard manure (FYM) = 16 t/ha, poultry manure (PM) = 13 t/ha, NPK + FYM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 8.5 t/ha and NPK + PM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 7.0 t/ha. The results showed that the combination of OM with mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and yield sustainability indices over the treatments amended with sole application of mineral fertilizers and OM. The analysis of undisturbed soil samples during different crop growth stages revealed that the addition of OM decreased the bulk density and increased the pore volume of soil at the beds of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The application of OM to the soil not only increased saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil but also improved total available and readily available water contents to the plants, especially when FYM was included at 16 t ha−1. Soil-water retention properties recorded over the entire seven-day monitoring period following irrigation in the OM-amended treatments were consistently higher than the sole mineral NPK application treatments. When testing the soil nutrient status during different crop growth stages, it was noted that by adding OM into the soil not only the status of the organic carbon of soil, extractable N and K and available P contents is increased, but the duration of their availability to the plants are also enhanced. The results of the study show that organic manures addition is of major significance for maintaining soil quality and crop production sustainably, and should be advocated in the nutrient management strategies of intensive water- and nutrient-demanding cropping systems.

ACS Style

Muhammad Abid; Tahira Batool; Ghulam Siddique; Shafaqat Ali; Rana Binyamin; Munazzam Shahid; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10214 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Abid, Tahira Batool, Ghulam Siddique, Shafaqat Ali, Rana Binyamin, Munazzam Shahid, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Abid; Tahira Batool; Ghulam Siddique; Shafaqat Ali; Rana Binyamin; Munazzam Shahid; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10214.

Research article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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Untreated wastewater contains toxic amounts of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), which poses a serious threat to the growth and physiology of plants when used in irrigation. Though, Cr is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils due to various anthropogenic activities. To explore the interactive effects of micronutrients with amino acid chelators [iron-lysine (Fe-lys) and zinc-lysine (Zn-lys)], pot experiments were conducted in a controlled environment, using spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plant irrigated with tannery wastewater. S. oleracea was treated without Fe and Zn-lys (0 mg/L Zn-lys and 0 mg/L Fe-lys) and also treated with various combinations of (interactive application) Fe and Zn-lys (10 mg/L Zn-lys and 5 mg/L Fe-lys), when cultivated at different levels [0 (control) 33, 66 and 100%) of tannery wastewater in the soil having a toxic level of Cr in it. According to the results, we have found that, high concentration of Cr in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE) and the contents of Zn and Fe in the plant organs without foliar application of Zn and Fe-lys. Moreover, phytotoxicity of Cr increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the plant organs (roots and leaves), which induced oxidative damage in S. oleracea manifested by the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and membrane leakage. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Zn and Fe-lys application, which significantly (P < 0.05) increase plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Furthermore, the supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys increased the contents of essential nutrients (Fe and Zn) and decreased the content of Cr in all plant parts compared to the plants cultivated in tannery wastewater without application of Fe-lys. Taken together, foliar supplementation of Zn and Fe-lys alleviates Cr toxicity in S. oleracea by increased morpho-physiological attributes of the plants, decreased Cr contents and increased micronutrients uptake by the soil, and can be an effective in heavy metal toxicity remedial approach for other crops.

ACS Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2020, 26, 2435 -2452.

AMA Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Riaz, Sehar Javed, Anam Sehar, Zohaib Abbas, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2020; 26 (12):2435-2452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Mohsin Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Sehar Javed; Anam Sehar; Zohaib Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan; Mohamed A. El-Sheikh; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2020. "Interactive role of zinc and iron lysine on Spinacia oleracea L. growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity irrigated with tannery wastewater." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26, no. 12: 2435-2452.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Plants
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Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ppm IBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and Mg), glutathione reductase, and soluble protein contents. Simultaneously, increases in Ca and Mn contents, sodium translocation from roots to shoots, H2O2, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and IBU uptake were observed. The amount of bioaccumulated IBU varied between 7% and 8%. IBU was translocated from roots to shoots with a translocation factor of 3–16%. The IC50 values for biomass and plant length were 1253 and 1955 ppm IBU, respectively, which is much higher than the reported levels of IBU in the environment. This study demonstrates that cowpea plants develop several morphological and physicochemical adaptations to cope under ibuprofen stress; environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU are unlikely to produce negative impacts.

ACS Style

Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad; Ahmed Alfarhan; Damia Barcelo; Mohamed El-Sheikh; Yolanda Pico. Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L. Plants 2020, 9, 1473 .

AMA Style

Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad, Ahmed Alfarhan, Damia Barcelo, Mohamed El-Sheikh, Yolanda Pico. Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad; Ahmed Alfarhan; Damia Barcelo; Mohamed El-Sheikh; Yolanda Pico. 2020. "Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L." Plants 9, no. 11: 1473.