This study aims to contribute to theoretical debate concerning urban planning, highlighting the need for a renewal of approaches and tools that could allow for the achievement of urban smartness. The concept of urban sustainability is evolving, also in relation to the incoming world of “smart cities,” and it should be related to a systemic vision of the city. Referring to a systemic approach for the study of urban phenomena, sustainability can be considered as a target condition that cities have to achieve in order to contrast “urban entropy” and behave as smart cities. In this regard, our study starts from the premise that entropy is a negative state, which can affect the urban system in all its components. Among these components, the social subsystem can play a strategic role and some urban functions (such as the components of the functional subsystem) can be designated as “driving functions” that are able to lead the urban system towards a sustainable and smarter state of equilibrium. This equilibrium, though not static, can provide the efficiency of the system. Since tourism interests several aspects and sectors, it can be considered as one of the forces that, if properly controlled (i.e., by integrating it into the process of evolution of the system), would positively influence the evolution of the urban system. The application of the theoretical framework refers to the social (active) component of tourism, represented by the tourist flows that move inside the physical subsystem and can be traced through the data they disseminate by the use of their personal devices, with the aim of individuating the urban zones where the load of tourism concentrates. These areas can be marked as the ones urban planners and decision-makers have to first monitor in order to control the general state of the urban system equilibrium.

Assuming that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the approach to urban planning issues, this study investigates whether changes will start to occur at a theoretical level or if technological innovations will mostly be endured rather than used with full knowledge. The authors observed that technological innovation often occurs without a unifying theoretical framework to provide knowledge and a basis for its adoption. The first use of technology in urban management dates to the late 1950s, and it has recently regained attention within the scientific literature; however, a significant deficiency still exists regarding the definition of a theoretical framework for its use. Focusing on the use of AI in urban and regional planning, this study aims to address this gap by outlining theoretical observations that can guide the integration of AI into new approaches for the management of urban transformations. The enormous impact that the rapid and pervasive spread of AI is having on all human activities necessitates the definition of new educational and disciplinary processes, especially in fields like urban planning, which rely on the high potential of such technology for envisioning future scenarios. It is therefore essential to assume that AI will also modify the management of urban and territorial transformations. This study aims to suggest a framework for scholarly debate on the need to define new historical–disciplinary dimensions by appropriately using AI in the phases of urban planning, avoiding the risk of passively accepting AI’s potential by delegating the development of urban planning tools to artificial reasoning. Building on these premises, this study first provides a thorough and critical literature review regarding the use of AI in urban planning and then proposes a methodological framework. The final section discusses the possibilities and limitations of this approach, thereby contributing to the scientific debate on defining a theoretical framework for the adoption of AI within urban and regional planning processes.

This paper studies the effectiveness of urban cycle lanes, with cycling being one of the most common practices for promoting sustainable mobility in urban areas. Despite a growing interest, the use of cycling in Italian cities has not gained a large consensus yet. Nevertheless, the presence and the extension of cycle lanes are considered as quantitative indicators for measuring the livability of cities. Actually, the lack in assessing the global quality of cycle networks asks for a major attention in the definition of these indicators. Starting from these considerations, the present study tries to propose a different approach to assess the real effectiveness of an urban cycle network. By defining some typological clusters of anomalies (dyscrasias) that can impede a safe and comfortable use of bicycles, the study achieves the definition of a method to evaluate the real effectiveness of an urban cycle lane. The case study of Naples represents a first trial both to check the method and to assess the state of the existing urban lane in order to verify its effectiveness.

This paper considers the relation between tourism and mobility and tries to highlight how tourism can act as a driving urban function in order to promote more sustainable lifestyles. Tourism and mobility are strictly connected: the moving from the usual residential place for leisure or entertainment represents the essential condition of tourism. There is no tourism without physical displacements, as the WTO definition affirms, highlighting that the movement of people is connected to two different mobility forms. On one hand, the tourist displacement is generated by the need to reach the destination (transit/access mobility). On the other hand, flows are generated by tourist activities at destination (visit, stay, entertainment, etc.) and it could be defined as an internal mobility. In both case, tourism represents a factor of human and environmental pressure. The WTO (2012) estimates that tourism mobility is responsible for 5% of CO₂ emissions (referred to air travel) and points out that a change in the styles of tourism consumption is necessary also to meet the challenges of climate change that present cities must face. Traditionally, tourism and transport have been considered separately and mobility has been seen as a prerequisite rather than an integral part of the tourist activity; rarely this connection has been investigated in tourist planning and in mobility planning. The movements of visitors had a marginal role before the acknowledgment of the sustainable mobility paradigm, which introduced the concept of efficiency in transport system connected to the reduction of the environmental and social impacts encouraging modal shift in order to contrast the car-dependence. In the context of these considerations, this article tries to underline how tourism could play a strategic role in promoting sustainable way of moving inside the city if it will be mainstreamed within the government process of urban transformation. As a “pervasive” urban activity, tourism involves different sectors (public and private) and different social levels and it can act as an “accelerator of changing” to improve a new mobility culture and to change users behaviors. Which are the conditions needed to activate this change? This is the main question this paper tries to answer also considering some significant examples oriented to integrate tourism promotion with mobility planning.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) is a crucial procedure in the management of bladder cancer

This paper evaluates the impact of high-speed rail systems on tourist attractiveness in Italy. The analysis is carried out with reference to provincial capitals, only some of which are served by high-speed railway lines. To achieve this objective, two multiple linear regression models were specified and calibrated, which relate arrivals and presences in accommodation facilities to several factors that could influence the tourist destination: cultural, historical, and monumental heritage, commercial activities, recreational activities, accessibility, etc. Both models showed that the availability of high-speed railway services is an important factor in the choice of tourist destination, being, moreover, the only accessibility variable found to be significant; furthermore, the elasticity of tourist demand to this factor was significant too.