Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to find out the correlation of serological tests with clinical symptoms of TMJs in RA patients.Patients and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was performed on 40 patients with RA classified into two groups according to their duration of the disease. Clinical examination as well as laboratory tests were done for participants.Results: The frequency of TMJ involvement clinically was 15% in Group A and 40% in Group B. The most frequently observed clinical symptom was facial pain (25%), and the slightest symptom was clicking (2.5%) during mouth opening. There was a positive correlation between ESR, RF, CRP and anti‐CCP and clinical sign and symptoms of TMJs in RA patients. An elevated ESR, RF CRP and anti‐CCP may indicate the presence of TMJ complains in RA patients. The chronicity of RA affects the frequency of TMJ involvement clinically, patients with longer disease duration have more clinical symptoms of TMJs. An elevated level of ESR, RF, CRP and anti‐CCP predict clinical symptoms of TMJs.

(1) Background: Accurate diagnosis and treatment plans in orthodontics were facilitated by novel technologies. The prediction of occlusal problems is of utmost importance for clinicians. This present study aimed to find any possible correlation between unilateral and bilateral palatally impacted maxillary canine, palatal dimensions, and maxillary arch perimeter using digital measurements and determine the factors that could be used as predictors for maxillary palatal canine impaction. (2) Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on cone-beam computed tomography images of orthodontic patients aged 15 to 25. Palatal dimensions and maxillary arch perimeter were digitally measured using Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System. (3) Results: A significant difference was found between the case and the study groups regarding palatal depth, length, and arch perimeter, except for the palatal width. A weak correlation was reported in palatal depth and length with canine impaction, whereas the correlation was moderate concerning the arch perimeter. They can be used as predictors for palatal canine impaction. (4) Conclusion: Palatal dimensions and dental arch perimeter affect maxillary palatal canine impaction. Deficient arch perimeter, palatal depth, and length could be helpful in the prediction of maxillary palatal canine impaction.

Implant placement requires a digital workflow and the use of surgical guides. However, there is divergence in the angulation length of influence and precision. Therefore, a 3D assessment is also required. This insertion study aims to evaluate the accuracy in vitro by utilizing guided templates, deviation analysis, depth, and orientation over different lengths and angles. Methods and Materials: This study comprises a total of 180 implants placed in 90 resin-printed mandibular models, divided into nine groups (a 3 × 3 factorial design, n = 20/group). A reference model was created using Real GUIDE software (version 5.3), integrating a CBCT scanner (Carestream CS 9600, Medit Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea) and an intraoral scanner (Medit i900) (Medit Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea). Implant planning and surgical guide design were digitally executed and printed with Mazic resin (Vericom Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea). Implants were placed using Oxy Implant PSK Line (Oxy Implant, Brescia, Italy) fixtures in mannequins. Postoperative CBCT scans were used to measure deviations in angular, vertical, and lateral dimensions using CS Imaging (v8.0.22) (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA). Statistical analysis was run by using SPSS v26. Results: The results demonstrated that implant angulation significantly impacted the precision of placement. Angulating escalation leads to intensive deviations, which are linear and angular calculations. On the one hand, the most significant deviations were observed at a 25° angulation, particularly in the buccal and lingual apex regions. On the other hand, 0° exhibited minimal deviations. Longer implants showed reduced angular deviations, whereas shorter implants (8.5 mm) exhibited higher vertical deviations, particularly at 0° of angulation. Moderate angulation (15°) with 11.5 mm implants provided the highest precision, while 0° angulation with 15 mm implants consistently exhibited the least deviation. These findings pinpoint the fundamental importance of angulation and implant length for exceptional placement accuracy. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the influence of placement accuracy with static guides on implant angulation and length. Moderate angulation, which is (15°), enhances accuracy, particularly within 11.5 mm implants. On the other hand, steeper angles (25°) and longer implants (15 mm) result in elevated deviations. Guidance formation and operator experience are also vital.

Objective: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be recommended as a dose-sparing technique and 3D imaging that provides the clinician more details for examining the maxillary sinus and its relation to the root apices of upper posterior teeth, as compared with standard medical computed tomography. Methods: A total of (340) CBCT images were examined, images were analyzed by using (Galileos Viewer Software Version 1.9, Dentsply). The distance was measured from the molar and premolar teeth; the closest tooth to the sinus was considered for both sides using the software measuring tool. Results: A total of 340 CBCTs were examined. One hundred and forty-seven CBCTs were included that matched the criteria. After examination of the CBCTs, the most common relation between the roots of the upper posterior teeth with the maxillary sinus was Type 2: the apices of the upper posterior teeth touching the sinus floor. The result shows no statistical difference between the age groups (p value = 0.135); also, the relationship between sex and the relation of the teeth with the maxillary sinus was not significant (p value = 0.075). Conclusions: The most common relation between the apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus was close contact. We also concluded that the use of CBCT is essential in diagnosing the type of relation, especially during procedures where oro-antral communication and trauma to the maxillary sinus is possible.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the features of temporomandibular joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to examine the association of radiographic changes with RA duration by comparing the diagnostic efficacy of cone-beam computerized tomography to magnetic resonance imaging in identifying changes of TMJs.Methods: This case-control study was performed on 40 RA patients with 10 healthy adults (control cases). Clinical examination with CBCT and MRI as well as laboratory tests were done for participants. Independent and paired t-tests and correlation coefficient test were used for data analysis by SPSS program Results: The frequency of TMJ involvement using CBCT and MRI techniques were 82.5% and 87.5% in RA patients and were 50% and 30% in control cases. The most frequently observed clinical symptom was facial pain (25%), and the slightest symptom was clicking (2.5%) during mouth opening. The commonest change in CBCT of RA patients was condylar head erosion (67.5%), and the less common change was articular eminence erosion (7.5%). The commonest changes in MRI of RA patients were an osseous change of condylar head (80%), and the minor change was effusion (10%), while in controls were an osseous change of condylar head (30%) and condylar head flattening (10%). There was a positive correlation between ESR, RF, and Anti-CCP and osseous TMJ changes, while CRP shows a negative correlation. Conclusions: Osseous changes occur in TMJs of RA patients with no/mild symptoms, MRI can be used as efficient imaging modality for detecting changes in TMJ, and elevated ESR, RF and Anti-CCP may indicate the presence of osseous changes in RA patients.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Class I, II, and III malocclusions on upper airway (UA) volume and shape in adult normal mandibular position subjects using a medical imaging technique (CBCT). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 60 adults (20 per group) with Class II and III skeletal malocclusions (SM) and a normal sagittal mandibular position (Class I) between November 2024 and April 2025 at the Radiology Laboratory, Dental Clinic, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. The 3D images of the upper airway were obtained via CBCT, and the volumes of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were measured and statistically compared. Results: Among individuals, 35 were women, and 25 were men, yielding a gender ratio of 1.4:1. Ages ranged from 19 to 38 years, with a mean of 28.82 ± 5.87 years. The nasopharyngeal volumes for Class III patients were significantly larger (12.97 ± 2.04 cm³) compared to Class I (8.96 ± 1.55 cm³) and Class II (7.89 ± 0.96 cm³) (p < 0.001). Significant differences were reported between the oropharynx and hypopharynx, with the most essential volumes in Class III patients, who had a higher prevalence of elongated airway morphology (35%). In contrast, Class II patients had a higher proportion of collapsed airway morphology (15%). Conclusions: Skeletal malocclusions in Class III are associated with larger nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal volumes than in other classes, reflecting anatomical associations rather than causation.