This paper presents a systematic literature review of using Machine Learning (ML) techniques in higher education career recommendation. Despite the growing interest in leveraging AI for personalized academic guidance, no previous reviews have synthesized the diverse methodologies in this field. To fill this gap, we analyzed 38 studies selected from an initial pool of 1296, using a combination of search phrases and digital libraries. Our findings reveal that Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks are the most frequently employed models to improve the accuracy and personalization of career recommendations in higher education. These systems typically use academic performance, personal interests, and demographic data as the primary data types. The review also highlights key validation metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score, which reflect the effectiveness of these models. However, limitations were identified, such as the lack of access to open datasets and the scarcity of studies with longitudinal data that evaluate the long-term impact of recommendations. This systematic literature review provides a solid foundation for improving career recommendation systems using advanced ML techniques. It highlights the potential to revolutionize career guidance while also addressing ethical considerations and the necessity of integrating with traditional counseling approaches.

Current environmental policies for the aviation sector motivate the use of cleaner propulsion alternatives in order to reduce their CO₂ footprint and noise pollution in the coming years. In this context, hybrid propulsion systems have emerged as a potential solution, as they have demonstrated a good trade-off between performance and low pollutant emissions. The present work carries out a comparison between parallel and series hybrid propulsion systems using heterogeneous and homogeneous distributed propulsion architectures. In order to highlight the opportunities of distributed propulsion systems and validate the methodology developed, a single propulsion hybrid configuration is used as baseline case for this study. For the propulsion system sizing, this work uses a parametric modelling tool, which includes a constraint analysis coupled with a weight estimation module to determine suitable configurations for a environmental monitoring mission. The latter module includes semi-empirical correlations to size the electric and mechanical components for each propulsion setup. From the results, it has been found that for the representative case of monitoring in the Galapagos Islands, which requires an endurance of approximate 7 h, the parallel hybrid system using three distributed propulsors presents the best performance features in terms of fuel savings, showing a 34% reduction compared with the baseline case. To summarize, the main contribution of this study lies on the development of a methodology to set potential hybrid distributed propulsion configurations for UAVs aimed for determined monitoring missions.

Inulin is a carbohydrate that belongs to fructans; due to its health benefits, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, cabuya (Agave americana) was employed to obtain inulin by pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEFAE) and FTIR analysis confirmed its presence. The influence of PEFAE operating parameters, namely, electric field strength (1, 3 and 5 kV/cm), pulse duration (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ms), number of pulses (10,000, 20,000 and 40,000) and work cycle (20, 50 and 80%) on the permeabilization index and energy expenditure were tested. Also, once the operating conditions for PEFAE were set, the temperature for conventional extraction (CE) and PEFAE were defined by comparing extraction kinetics. The cabuya meristem slices were exposed to PEFAE to obtain extracts that were quantified, purified and concentrated. The inulin was isolated by fractional precipitation with ethanol to be characterized. The highest permeabilization index and the lowest energy consumption were reached at 5 kV/cm, 0.5 ms, 10,000 pulses and 20%. The same extraction yield and approximately the same amount of inulin were obtained by PEFAE at 60 °C compared to CE at 80 °C. Despite, the lower amount of inulin obtained by PEFAE in comparison to CE, its quality was better because it is mainly constituted of inulin of high average polymerization degree with more than 38 fructose units. In addition, TGA analyses showed that inulin obtained by PEFAE has a lower thermal degradation rate than the obtained by CE and to the standard.

The aim and focus of this document is to continue with the development and advance of a predecessor work in relation to the theme of the public transport system of Continental Ecuador and the environmental benefits and in terms of energy efficiency that the country will incur with technological migration of diesel buses through systems based on electric mobility through electric buses, in three different scenarios of occurrence. The methodology has been developed in conjunction with the projections of demand for electric power that will be incurred by the National Interconnected System (SNI) due to the application of an electric mobility system through electric buses in the public passenger transportation service. Subsequently, an analysis of the calculation and evaluation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the diesel bus fleet is established, as well as the evaluation of CO2 emissions from the Ecuadorian SNI with its fossil fuel-based thermal generation component once the buses have been technologically changed to electric mobility, in the period 2019-2025. The results reveal the reduction of CO2 emissions to the environment due to the technological migration towards an electromobility system for public passenger transport even considering the premise that the Ecuadorian electricity sector has considerable participation of thermal power plants in its electricity supply matrix. El objetivo y enfoque de este documento es continuar con el desarrollo y avance de un trabajo predecesor en lo referente a la temática del sistema de transporte público del Ecuador Continental y los beneficios medioambientales y en términos de eficiencia energética que incurrirá el país con la migración tecnológica de autobuses diésel por sistemas basados en movilidad eléctrica a través de autobuses eléctricos, en tres distintos escenarios de ocurrencia. La metodología ha sido desarrollada en concomitancia de las proyecciones de demanda de energía eléctrica que incurrirá el Sistema Nacional Interconectado (SNI) debido a la aplicación de un sistema de movilidad eléctrica a través de autobuses eléctricos en el servicio de transportación pública de pasajeros. Posteriormente, se establece un análisis de cálculo y evaluación de emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) debidas al parque automotor de autobuses diésel, así como también, la evaluación de emisiones de CO2 del SNI ecuatoriano con su componente de generación térmica basado en combustibles fósiles una vez que se haya cambiado tecnológicamente los autobuses a movilidad eléctrica, en el período 2019-2025. Los resultados revelan la reducción de emisiones de CO2 al medio ambiente debido a la migración tecnológica hacia un sistema de electromovilidad para el transporte público de pasajeros aún teniendo en consideración la premisa de que el sector eléctrico ecuatoriano disponga una participación considerable de centrales de generación térmica en su matriz de oferta de energía eléctrica

The significance of electric vehicles is progressively escalating, underscoring the criticality of technologies underpinning the functionality of their propulsion systems. This particular case study delves into the simulation of field-oriented control, coupled with field weakening, aimed at regulating a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This approach involves the utilization of two cascaded loops for current and voltage, each employing PI controllers. The fine-tuning of these controllers’ parameters hinges on the motor characteristics, as well as the desired response bandwidth.