In this paper, we propose the combination of different migration results achieved on the same data in order to account for different values of the propagation velocities of the electromagnetic waves within the considered Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profile. These different values can be the result of a variable lithological composition or (more probably for short Bscans) the results of different moisture levels, or both. Here, we separately consider the two cases of horizontal or vertical variability of the propagation velocity with a transition zone between two zones with constant propagation velocity. Moreover, we also propose a time-depth conversion accounting for these different values of the propagation velocity along the considered GPR Bscan. The method is applied to real data gathered in the field with regard to a concrete coverage containing liner layers.

Linear inverse scattering problems can be solved by regularized inversion of a matrix, whose calculation and inversion may require significant computing resources, in particular, a significant amount of RAM memory. This effort is dependent on the extent of the investigation domain, which drives a large amount of data to be gathered and a large number of unknowns to be looked for, when this domain becomes electrically large. This leads, in turn, to the problem of inversion of excessively large matrices. Here, we consider the problem of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey in two-dimensional (2D) geometry, with antennas at an electrically short distance from the soil. In particular, we present a strategy to afford inversion of large investigation domains, based on a shifting zoom procedure. The proposed strategy was successfully validated using experimental radar data.

This paper deals with the design of a reconfigurable antenna that resembles a monolithic UWB bow-tie antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications. In particular, the attention is focussed on the design of the balun system able to work in the frequency band 0.3-1 GHz; the effectiveness of the design is shown by examining the behaviour of the scattering parameters S 11 for both the reference monolithic antenna and the designed reconfigurable antenna. Also, an analysis of the radiation pattern of both the monolithic and reconfigurable antennas is presented and confirms the effectiveness of the designed balun system.