The general principles and technical implementations of traditional time-of-flight ion mobility spectrometers and analyzers with field-dependent mobilities were reviewed in our last article in this journal. Recent advances in instrumentation and new applications since 2006 are highlighted in this review. In addition to traditional applications as military chemical-agent detectors, ion mobility techniques have become popular for different purposes. Though ion mobility spectrometry was solely used as vapor sensor in the past decades, further developments in ionization techniques (especially electrospray ionization) now permit its routine use for the analysis of liquid samples. The coupling of ion mobility spectrometry with selective sample preparation techniques such as molecular-imprinted polymers, coupling with chromatographic techniques, the use of dopants, and application of selective ionization sources has led to an expanded number of applications in industrial and environmental analysis with complex sample matrices due to an improved selectivity in comparison with traditional stand-alone spectrometers. Furthermore, new developments in hyphenated techniques, especially ion mobility–mass spectrometry couplings, has resulted in an increased number of new applications for the analysis of biomolecules and pharmaceutical samples and in clinical diagnostics.