Background/Objectives: Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) and rhinoviruses are major contributors to respiratory illnesses in children, presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe lower respiratory tract infections. No specific antiviral treatments are currently approved for these viruses. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of antiviral agents investigated for EV-D68 and rhinovirus infections. Results: Several antiviral candidates are under investigation, each targeting distinct stages of the viral replicative cycle. Capsid-binding agents and monoclonal antibodies prevent viral attachment by blocking receptor-virus interactions. Inhibitors of viral replication proteins disrupt polyprotein processing and replication organelle biogenesis by targeting non-structural viral proteins. Host factor inhibitors impair viral attachment, replication organelle formation, or RNA replication by interfering with critical host pathways. Conclusions: While no specific antivirals are yet approved for EV-D68 and rhinovirus infections, emerging therapeutic candidates offer potential avenues for treatment. Continued preclinical and clinical investigation will be essential to validate these approaches and expand the available options for affected patients.

Background: It is unclear if predictors of asthma attacks are the same as those of asthma symptom control in children.Objective: We evaluated predictors for these two outcomes in a clinical cohort study.Methods: The Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort (SPAC) is a multicentre prospective clinical cohort of children referred to paediatric pulmonologists. This analysis included 516 children (5–16 years old) diagnosed with asthma. At baseline, we collected sociodemographic information, symptoms, personal and family history and environmental exposures from a parental baseline questionnaire, and treatment and test results from hospital records. Outcomes were assessed 1 year later by parental questionnaire: asthma control in the last 4 weeks as defined by GINA guidelines, and asthma attacks defined as any unscheduled visit for asthma in the past year. We used logistic regression to identify and compare predictors for suboptimal asthma control and asthma attacks.Results: At follow‐up, 114/516 children (22%), reported suboptimal asthma control, and 114 (22%) an incident asthma attack. Only 37 (7%) reported both. Suboptimal asthma control was associated with poor symptom control at baseline (e.g. ≥1 night wheeze/week OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.7–6), wheeze triggered by allergens (2.2; 1.4–3.3), colds (2.3; 1.4–3.6) and exercise (3.2; 2–5), a more intense treatment at baseline (2.4; 1.3–4.4 for Step 3 vs. 1), history of preschool (2.6; 1.5–4.4) and persistent wheeze (2; 1.4–3.2), and exposure to tobacco smoke (1.7; 1–2.6). Incident asthma attacks were associated with previous episodes of severe wheeze (2; 1.2–3.3) and asthma attacks (2.8; 1.6–5 for emergency care visits), younger age (0.8; 0.8–0.9 per 1 year) and non‐Swiss origin (0.3; 0.2–0.5 for Swiss origin). Lung function, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and allergic sensitization at baseline were not associated with control or attacks.Conclusion: Children at risk of long‐term suboptimal asthma control differ from those at risk of attacks. Prediction tools and preventive efforts should differentiate these two asthma outcomes.

Introduction: Prolonged or recurrent cough is a common reason for referral to pediatric pulmonologists, yet few studies have assessed its causes. We examined records of children visiting respiratory outpatient clinics in Switzerland and assessed how diagnoses vary by age. Methods: We analyzed data from the multicenter Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort study. We included 363 children (median age 6 years, range 0–16) referred for prolonged or recurrent cough. From outpatient records, we extracted information on diagnostic investigations, final diagnoses proposed by pediatric pulmonologists, and treatments prescribed. Results: Asthma and asthma‐like conditions (cough variant asthma, episodic viral wheeze, and recurrent obstructive bronchitis) were diagnosed in 132 (36%) of 363 children, respiratory tract infections (RTI) including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in 51 (14%), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) in 48 (13%), and postinfectious cough in 36 (10%); other diagnoses including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and somatic cough syndrome or tic cough were found in 23 (6%). No etiology was found in 73 children (20%). Asthma was diagnosed 3.5 times more often in schoolchildren while RTI including PBB was diagnosed three times more often in preschoolers. Inhaled corticosteroids were prescribed for 84% of children diagnosed with asthma and asthma‐like conditions, antibiotics for 43% of children with RTI, and nasal corticosteroids for 83% of those with UACS. Conclusion: Coughing children received a wide spectrum of diagnoses that differed between preschool and schoolchildren. Asthma accounted for 36% of diagnoses, which emphasizes the importance of comprehensive investigation beyond asthma in children with prolonged or recurrent cough.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease that causes recurrent respiratory infections. People with PCD may be at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and therefore vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important. We studied vaccination willingness, speed of vaccination uptake, side effects, and changes in social contact behaviour after vaccination in people with PCD. We used data from COVID-PCD, an international participatory cohort study. A COVID-19 vaccination questionnaire was emailed to participants in May 2021 and 423 participants from 31 countries replied (median age: 30 years, range 1–85 years; 261 (62%) female). Vaccination uptake and willingness were high, with 273 of 287 adults (96%) being vaccinated or willing to be in June 2021; only 4% were hesitant. The most common reason for hesitancy was fear of side effects, reported by 88%. Mild side effects were common, but no participant reported severe side effects. Half of the participants changed their social behaviour after vaccination by seeing friends and family more often. The high vaccination willingness in the study population might reflect the extraordinary effort taken by PCD support groups to inform people about COVID-19 vaccination. Clear and specific information and involvement of representatives is important for high vaccine uptake.

No episodes of oxygen desaturation or carbon dioxide retention were observed in this cross-sectional study assessing children with exercise-induced symptoms wearing a surgical facemask during a submaximal treadmill exercise testhttps://bit.ly/3GuxhvO