Open pit coal mining affects surrounding populated areas, resulting in terrain surface deformation. Surface deformation should be monitored as often as possible to control deformations and prevent potential incidents. This paper analyzes time series deformation estimated from the Sentinel-1 satellite images using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry method to monitor subsidence rates caused by open pit mining activities. It is possible to measure deformations using classical geodetic methods, but those are rarely used in practice because they are time-consuming and expensive for application in large areas. Using the open access radar images from the Sentinel-1 mission, 513 images from the repository were downloaded between October 2016 and the end of December 2020. We present the processing steps in detail in order to establish a workflow for the automated processing of vertical displacement estimation using open source tools; a total of 402 images were processed: 215 images belonged to the ascending satellite orbit, 187 images belonged to the descending orbit, and 111 images were rejected because of adverse weather conditions. The PS InSAR technique has never been used for the mines of the Republic of Serbia or for land surveying practices related to deformation monitoring. The results based on the Sentinel-1 images were compared with results from geodetic leveling and with neotectonic uplift trends. The trend lines of vertical displacement obtained from PS and corresponding leveling are significantly similar (a Pearson correlation of 85% with a p-value of 0.015). The final evaluation reported results of vertical displacements at the leveling benchmark of −3.4 mm/year with the PS InSAR method and −2.7 mm/year with the leveling method. A comparison of the PS vertical displacements with a settlement model fits reasonably, suggesting that the measurements are valid. As four years of PS time series data is insufficient to establish undisputable conclusions on the neotectonics uplift, extending the time series (covering at least a decade) implies that this approach will become attractive in future neotectonic uplift trend estimations. This study illustrates not only the ability of Sentinel-1 data in mapping vertical deformations, but the obtained results could also be used for geohazard monitoring and land monitoring in general for the area of interest.

The physical surface of the earth has irregular shape which is not mathematically defined, therefore the shape of the Earth is approximated with mathematically defined surfaces such as ellipsoid and sphere. The developing of a global positioning systems, thus and modern navigation systems, as effect produce large amounts of data which contain the problem of homogeneity. This problem could be exceed if all the data are store in the same coordinate system. Hence the need for data transformation from local coordinate systems to the global coordinate systems. Global level implies WGS84 ellipsoid and UTM projection while national coordinate system of Republic Serbia is Gauss-Kruger with Bessel ellipsoid. This coordinate system of Republic Serbia on a global level has a local character. Applying appropriate mathematical models and functions it is possible to transform coordinates from one system to another and vice versa. The paper describes coordinate transformations from Gauss-Kruger coordinate system ellipsoid Bessel to UTM projection WGS84 ellipsoid and vice versa, and also an application which provides transformation of its kind that is made using open source environment. Name of the application is TRANS7_GK_UTM_GK and it can be found and used on the web page of the faculty for Mining and Geology under the link http://gk2utm.rgf.bg.ac.rs with a user guide.

This paper presents the process of making the 3D model of terrain, digital elevation model and orthophoto at the location of the 'Crveni Breg' mine. The necessary photos were taken with a 20-megapixel digital camera attached on the DJI Phantom 4 Pro photography UAV. AgiSoft PhotoScan was used to create the 3D model of terrain. A spatial visualization of mining facilities on the second horizon of the 'Crveni Breg' mine was carried out with the assistance of this 3D model of the underground facilities designed in the AutoDesk Civil 3D software. Two 3D models were connected to obtain complete spatial visualization of the area. The aim of this paper is to present a general overview of the possibilities that emerge by combining digital aerial photogrammetry and 3D models of underground mines, primarily in the context of protecting infrastructure, and other objects from the impact of underground mining operations as well as serving as a quick, simple, easy and relatively reliable track for potential subsidence.

The Grey Model (GM) is a powerful tool in the Grey System Theory for estimating the behavior of partially unknown systems or systems with limited information. In the Grey System Theory, GM(1,1) is the most widely used model for prediction. The applicability of this model for the purpose of buildings deformation forecasting in a vertical plane was tested on the case of the deformation forecasting of the building of Faculty of Mining and Geology in Belgrade. The non-equidistance grey model (1,1) was utilized, since the measurements on which the model was formed, were performed in various time intervals.

The development of the crosscut from the aspect of mine surveying is a specific task, since there is no possibility for an independent control of its construction during the development. This is primarily related to the long crosscuts where the deviations of the designed direction of crosscut would have significant consequences on safety and technological activities in the mine shaft. In order to avoid errors, it is necessary to perform the preceding analysis of the crosscut accuracy, where the overall standard deviation of the crosscut is calculated. This value must be smaller than the given allowed deviation. The paper presents an a priori evaluation of the accuracy of the crosscut to be developed in the brown coal mine 'Soko' for the purpose of ventilating the opening rooms of the eastern part of the deposit.

The task of connecting survey and orienting mine rooms is to obtain the coordinates for the first point of the future underground traverse and the bearing of the first side of the underground traverse on the horizon that is being connected. The task is particularly complex when the connection survey is performed through a single vertical shaft. The accuracy of connection survey and orientation is influenced by the errors in given and measured values, but in addition a question may be asked if the applied calculation method influence the connection precision (accuracy) and if they do to what extent. If the connection through a single vertical shaft is completed by the connection rectangle method, the calculations are most often done by using the Hansen, Weiss or Hause method. This paper presents calculations of standard deviations of unknown values in a connecting rectangle based on the three methods, as well as standard deviations of the bearing of the first side of the underground traverse on an example.