This study investigates the performance, emissions, noise, and vibration characteristics of a single-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke diesel engine running on pure diesel (D100) and biodiesel blends (B10: 90% diesel, 10% biodiesel; B20: 80% diesel, 20% biodiesel) at 1800 rpm, where the engine delivers maximum torque. Key metrics such as torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature, noise, vibration, and emissions (CO, CO2, HC, O2, NOx, and smoke opacity) were analyzed. The findings indicate that B10 enhances torque, power output, and overall fuel efficiency, especially at low to medium loads, with a significant 17.54% reduction in BSFC compared to D100 at 40% engine load. Vibration levels generally increased with biodiesel addition, while B10 and B20 both reduced smoke opacity, with B20 having a more substantial effect. HC emissions decreased at idle with B10 but increased at higher loads, suggesting more complete combustion with potential thermal stress on engine components. Noise and vibration results were mixed; B20 reduced noise at higher loads but increased vibration. At 100% load, B20 decreased noise by 1.42% compared to D100. Despite benefits such as improved torque and reduced particulate emissions, biodiesel blends, particularly B20, led to increased NOx and CO2 emissions, emphasizing the need for further op-timization of blend formulations and emission control strategies. This study provides valuable insights into the tradeoffs and potential of biodiesel blends as sustainable diesel alternatives.

In this study, biogas and energy potential of animal wastes belonging to Bingöl province was investigated. The study in question was based on data from the Bingöl Governorship Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry for the years 2002-2020. In the lightof 18 years of data, it has been determined that annualy 741.452 tons of manure can be obtained from an average of948.144 animals, and 34.225.934 m3of biogas can be obtained from this manure, also 161GWh of energy per year can be obtained from this biogas. If these animal wastes were evaluated in the said years, a total of 2898 GWh energy would have been obtained. In addition the evalueting data for 2020 it is understood that the biogas potential installation power of Bingöl province is 25.6 MW. Considering the distribution of biogas energy by districts, it is understood that Karlıova district plays an important role with a share of 31% in total power potantial. According to 2020 datas only it is seen that 73.8% of the 303.7 GWh electricity consumed can be met by biogas energy. In addition, according to turkey statistics institute data of 2020 total potential power of Bingöl and its neighboring provinces Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Erzurum, Erzincan, Muş and Tunceli is calculated as 298MW. However, it is understood that only 2.6% of this power (Equal to 7.63MW) is used currently.So it is obvious that the establishment of biogas facilities in related regions will decrease country’s dependency on foreign energy.