The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is always an important topic, as environmental contamination by HMs is of serious concern. Numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the UN’s sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. The aim of this study was to address how the soil-science professions may best successfully utilize biochar for greener remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock, and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated soil, were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, and present good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview summarized the current advances in the application for the remediation of HMs-polluted soils. Future views on the usage and possibilities for deploying biochar-based nanocomposites in polluted soils were discussed.

Mobilization of heavy metal ions has increasingly become a serious environmental issue globally, in the contaminated soils, calling for an urgent need to find environmentally friendly materials. With the continuing maturation of research on using biochar (BC) for the remediation of contaminated soil, compositing metal-organic framework (MOF), which is a highly crystalline porous material, has gradually attracted increasing attention. Compared with BC, BC-MOF has unique underexplored potential as an amendment for immobilization of heavy metal ions, including a high specific surface area and a large number of individual functional groups. The efficacy of BC-MOF for immobilization of toxic heavy metal contaminants in soil systems was investigated in the small leaching columns. The amendments (except BC) decreased the water-soluble and exchangeable content of Cu in Technosol compared to the unpolluted soil. The presence of MOF on the BC surface contributed to the higher immobilization efficacy, which was probably due to the synergistic effects among them. The mechanism of the immobilization process on BC-MOF was proposed. The obtained results highlight the promise of utilizing BC-MOF as a remediation material for Cu immobilization in the soil.The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation project on the development of the Young Scientist Laboratory (no. LabNOTs-21-01AB) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-34-60041 and 19-29-05265.