Across diverse cultures, herbal remedies have been used to alleviate oral discomfort and maintain dental hygiene. This review presents studies on herbal remedies with remarkable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anticaries, analgesic, and healing properties. The manuscripts demonstrate the depth of scientific inquiry into herbal remedies used for the management of various oral and dental health conditions. These include gingivitis, oral ulcers, mucositis, periodontitis, oral pathogens, carcinoma, xerostomia, and dental caries. Researchers have investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of plant-derived compounds and their extracts evaluated their interactions with oral pathogens and inflammatory processes. The convergence of traditional knowledge and rigorous scientific investigation offers a compelling narrative, fostering a deeper understanding of herbal remedies as viable alternatives to conventional dental interventions. This work has the potential to provide patients with access to gentle, yet effective solutions, and simultaneously offer dental health professionals the opportunity to enrich their knowledge, and ability to provide personalized, holistic care. This review highlights the symbiotic relationship between herbal medicine and scientific understanding, emphasizing the importance of disseminating this knowledge to benefit both practitioners and patients, enabling evidence-based decision-making in dental care. The exploration of herbal remedies offers a promising alternative, potentially mitigating some of these side effects while promoting oral health in a more natural and holistic manner.

Diabetic complications are among the most pressing health issues currently. Cardiovascular problems, particularly diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), are responsible for almost 80% of diabetic deaths. Because of the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the increased threat of death from its consequences, researchers are searching for new pharmaceutical targets to delay or cure it. Currently, there are a few medicines available for the treatment of DCM, some of which have serious side effects. To address this issue, researchers are focusing on natural products. Thus, in this review, we discuss the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, histological spectrum, diagnosis, pathogenic pathways of DCM, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in DCM, the current treatments, and the beneficial effects of natural product–based therapeutics. Natural treatments range from single doses to continuous regimens lasting weeks or months. Flavonoids are the largest class of natural compounds reported for the treatment of DCM. Natural regimens may cover the way for new treatment strategies for DCM for being multi-target agents in the treatment of DCM, with the ability to play a variety of functions via distinct signaling pathways.

Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae is a wildly grown plant in Egypt, North Africa, and Asia with wide traditional uses. Several studies reported its biological activities and richness in phytochemicals. This research addresses a comprehensive metabolic profiling of the flowers, leaves, stems, and roots via RP-HPLC-QTOF-MS and MS/MS with chemometrics. A total of 60 metabolites were observed and grouped into phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and sugars. Principal component analysis and hierarchal cluster analysis showed the segregation of different parts. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity was determined via several methods and agreed with the previous results. Additionally, an in silico approach of molecular docking of the predominant bioactive metabolites was employed against two antioxidant targets, NADPH oxidase and human peroxiredoxin 5 enzyme (PDB ID: 2CDU and 1HD2) receptors, alongside ADME predictions. The molecular modelling revealed that most of the approached molecules were specifically binding with the tested enzymes, achieving high binding affinities. The results confirmed that R. vesicarius stems and roots are rich sources of bioactive antioxidant components. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of R. vesicarius giving a prospect of its relevance in the development of new naturally based antioxidants.

Mangiferin, a polyphenol of natural occurrence predominantly present in Mangifera indica, has attracted significant interest because of its multiplicity of pharmacological activities, of which its neuroprotective activity is of particular interest. Herein, the review delves into the biosynthetic mechanisms, structural properties, and action mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic value of mangiferin in neurological disorders. Of special note is that mangiferin has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, which are responsible for its effectiveness in reducing cognitive impairments and neuronal damage in disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and general cognitive decline. Though being of low bioavailability, more recent approaches such as chemical derivatization, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery, and intranasal delivery have the promise to enhance its central nervous system (CNS) delivery. By combining preclinical and mechanistic studies, the review herein highlights the potential of mangiferin as a multitherapeutic neuroprotectant and addresses new approaches to facilitate its clinical application.

Hair loss is a distressing problem that affects the self-image and quality of life of many people. The increasing demand for alternative treatments has led to growing interest in using herbal medicine for hair loss management. This literature review is divided into two main parts: a narrative overview and a systematic synthesis, evaluating the efficacy of herbal remedies, gathering findings from recent clinical studies, and traditional practices. The narrative section explores the pathophysiology of hair loss, contributing factors, and conventional pharmacological treatments, including their limitations and adverse effects. The second part presents a systematic review of sixteen randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of herbal remedies for hair loss. Natural products such as rosemary, green tea, ginseng, Aloe vera , olive, and saw palmetto have shown promising efficacy in promoting hair growth, improving hair density, reducing hair shedding, and enhancing patient satisfaction through mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory, hormonal, and enhanced scalp circulation. However, study design limitations and outcome variability necessitate further rigorous, standardized research. This review aims to offer an integrative, evidence-informed perspective on the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine for hair loss in clinical evidence.

The occurrence of venous diseases among adults is approximately 77% in females and 57% in males. These conditions are prevalent, progressive disorders that significantly affect individuals socially, physically, and psychologically, often resulting in various venous abnormalities that hinder effective blood circulation in the lower limbs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of venous diseases, focusing on their pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and complications. The symptoms associated with venous diseases are diverse and can include pain, heaviness, swelling, ulcers, and skin changes. Risk factors such as age, obesity, hormonal influences, and genetic predispositions are discussed in relation to their contribution to disease progression. The therapeutic modalities for managing venous diseases are explored, with a particular emphasis on natural products in alleviating symptoms and improving vascular health. Natural compounds, i.e., flavonoids, play a vital role in the circulatory system, supporting blood vessels and promoting healthy blood flow, in addition to their vasoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet properties. Overall, the ongoing research efforts on the efficacy of natural products will significantly enhance the management of several venous diseases in the coming years.