There are only a few applications of infrared thermal imaging in aviation. In the area of turbojet engines, infrared imaging has been used to detect temperature field anomalies in order to identify structural defects in the materials of engine casings or other engine parts. In aviation applications, the evaluation of infrared images is usually performed manually by an expert. This paper deals with the design of an automatic intelligent system which evaluates the technical state and diagnoses a turbojet engine during its operation based on infrared thermal (IRT) images. A hybrid system interconnecting a self-organizing feature map and an expert system is designed for this purpose. A Kohonen neural network (the self-organizing feature map) is successfully applied to segment IRT images of a turbojet engine with high precision, and the expert system is then used to create diagnostic information from the segmented images. This paper represents a proof of concept of this hybrid system using data from a small iSTC-21v turbojet engine operating in laboratory conditions.

In accordance with the future aims, when these aerial transport objects (ATO) could fly in a selected corridor, it is also important to simulate states based on the status monitoring of dangerous situated in the complex environmental condition of the Slovak Republic (SR). With due regard to the orography of the territory, it is important to locate residual areas, where there is no possibility of their telemetric control. In the given issue, however, it is also necessary to take into account the legal framework representing a supplementary control function of maintaining flight safety of air traffic control in compliance with the ATM policies. The set-up of functional efficiency of controlling the flight of such an ATO in a complex area must be stable. In the article, stability is presented by error analysis at given lateral deviations after the ATO has switched into autonomous flight mode. Due to the errors caused by the external environment, the ATO must perform a precise flight into the area and achieve the success of the flight mission. For example, it may involve a flight into mountain territories, where it is important to secure the patient s status or the person under threat. The laboriousness of solution of such flights in a limited mountain terrain is divided into files of intelligent autonomous ports (Sky Control Object Power Environment - SCOPE). The task is to cover the residual areas for minimizing the time of rescuing persons present in the active corridors taking into account the probability of environmental change. Analysis in the article is the fundamental navigational task of flying in the corridor itself in a precise navigation mode of autonomous flight, while presuming the possibility of error occurrence of the Navigation Ergatic Complex (NEC), the element of which are made up of an inertial navigation system, Doppler sensor of speed and drift angle carried on an unmanned aerial vehicle.

The task of increasing the accuracy and stabilization of the flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the alpine environment is a complex problem. It is related to the evaluation of UAV flight parameters and control conditions for the operator’s place. The purpose of the UAV’s autonomous flight control is to ensure stable control of the UAV’s flight parameters. Flight control systems are affected by various disturbances caused by both internal and external conditions. In general, the number of autonomous control systems corresponds to the number of degrees of freedom, which determines the flight of an autonomous vehicle. An important factor in assessing the quality of such a UAV is its readiness for an autonomous flight together with the level of its safe guidance on the route. The presented article focuses on the analysis of UAV flight control and the quality of prediction and elimination of errors that exist during maneuvers toward the place of a successful UAV landing. The aim of the article is to point out the solvability of the complexities of such a flight procedure with the evaluation of the readiness for the descent phase of the autonomous UAV. The given problem is caused by the social demand for the creation of a way of providing health care in the mountain area of the High Tatras in Slovakia. The existing database of data obtained from the flying vehicles used in Slovakia was compared with the data obtained from the simulated flights, with their subsequent evaluation in the MATLAB software (Version R2021b) environment.

The paper focuses on the new trend of increasing the accuracy of low altitudes measurement by frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radio altimeters. The method of increasing the altitude measurement accuracy has been realized in a form of a frequency deviation increase with the help of the carrier frequency increase. In this way, the height measurement precision has been established at the value of ±0.75 m. Modern digital processing of a differential frequency cannot increase the accuracy limitation considerably. It can be seen that further increase of the height measurement precision is possible through the method of innovatory processing of so-called height pulses. This paper thoroughly analyzes the laws of height pulse shaping from the differential frequency presented by the number that represents the information about the measured altitude for this purpose. This paper presents the results of the laboratory experimental altitude measurement with the use of a so-called double-channel method. The application of obtained results could contribute to the increase of air traffic safety, mainly in the phase of the aircraft approaching for landing and landing itself.

Presented paper concentrates on accidentally identified, specific method of mechanical vibration demodulation, radiated high-frequency signal of aircraft communication antenna, located directly on the aircraft. It describes the structure and solution of the designed laboratory workplace at which it is possible to evoke mechanical vibration demodulation as a specific phenomenon. The aim is to analyze possible physical electric characteristics of antenna as a source of mechanical vibration on “Monopole“ type of antenna. Next, transfer amplitude frequency characteristics of the antenna, as a mechanical vibration demodulator, are analyzed. As this is a basic research of this accidentally identified phenomenon, an observation method of experiment results is used to find out the analogies by the form of their comparison with a classical amplitude demodulator. The results show that if the mechanic influence of artificial ground is suppressed, the transfer amplitude frequency characteristics of such demodulated signal has minimal distortion in frequency range 200Hz to 3.5kHz. The paper presents brief summary of measured basic values on the base of which obtained results are analyzed and brief conclusions of observed phenomenon are defined. They are the first outputs of the phenomenon observations on the base of which it can be concluded that it is reasonable to deal with this problem. At the same time this is not just the antenna characteristics analysis but also the analysis of mechanical oscillations of the antenna from the viewpoint of its more secure fixing at the aircraft fuselage. Because the concurrent influence of two kinds of vibrations, primary – as a result of aerodynamic circumfluence of antenna during the flight in collaboration with the secondary – as a result of its radiation, places higher requirements on its mechanical fixation. Presented facts mean the increase of air traffic operation.

UAVs, used for professional purposes, often intervene in unfamiliar terrain and challenging conditions. Unlike recreational UAVs, such professional and specialised UAVs are very expensive to develop and operate, and their value is not negligible. Due to the nature of operations in an unknown or dangerous environment, there are also situations with forced interruption and termination of the flight mission or a collision with the environment. Locating a lost vehicle presents a new challenge for UAV operators. The possibilities of today’s localised commercial aircraft in distress (COSPASS/SARSAT systems) are undesirable for selective special-purpose drones. The optimisation of the location in the event of an emergency or catastrophic landing may be justified by a social or other condition, where the user wants to search for the device by a system other than the one experienced for rescuing people, ideally on their reserved frequencies. The article proposes a new approach to solving the problem based on the design of a terrestrial localisation system based on the methods of processing and correlation of the obtained data by the physical principle of the Doppler effect and its own system adaptation. This creates an innovative concept of a targeting system based on the broadcasting of distress (VHF) signal by crashed UAV. This signal is captured and evaluated by the IDVOR system, making it possible to determine the direction in which the searched UAV is placed. In order to determine the difference between standard targeting systems of the UAV, which use information about position (exact coordinates (x,y,z)), the IDVOR system is able to determine direction, independent of other systems in every “enemy” or “inhospitable” territory.