Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is considered to be one of the most promising desulfurization processes as it is energy-efficient and requires mild operating conditions. In this study, a novel green synthesized Al- based metal–organic framework with high surface area has been synthesized hydrothermally using waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PET) as a source of terephthalic acid as an organic linker. The prepared Al based MOF have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic activity of the prepared Al-MOF was evaluated in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of both modeled and real crude oil samples. The different operating parameters (temperature, time, catalyst dose, oxidant loading and sonication) on the ODS performance have been optimized. The optimal conditions for maximum removal of thiophene from modeled oil samples were found to be 30 min, 0.5 g of catalyst and 1:3 oil to oxidant ratio. Under the optimized conditions, sulfur removal in real oil samples obtained from Alexandria petroleum company was 90%. The results revealed that, the presented approach is credited to cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity, and ease of preparation, predicting great prospects for desulfurization of fuel oils on a commercial level.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered attention as promising candidates for the effective removal of sulfur-containing compounds from liquid fuels. In this study, the potential of employing Al-MIL-53 as an adsorbent for liquid fuel desulfurization is demonstrated. Material analysis through SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies was conducted. Equilibrium between in the solution and on the adsorbent surface was successfully achieved within 1 h. Optimal operational parameters for 99% Sulfur removal were identified as a 60-min adsorption time, 50 ppm initial thiophene concentration, and 2 g adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium adsorption data is adequately represented by Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.97). The adsorption kinetics of DBT by Al-MOF followed pseudo first-order model (R² = 0.99). The equilibrium (qm) of the prepared Al-MOF = 11 (mg/g).

In this study, green ZnO/polypyrrole (ppy)/cellulose acetate (CA) film was prepared via solvent casting. This film was used as supporting material for glucose oxidase (GO_X) to sensitize a glucose biosensor. First, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been prepared via the green route using olive leaves extract as a reductant. ZnO/ppy nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomer using FeCl₃ as an oxidizing agent. The produced materials and the composite films were characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Glucose oxidase was successfully immobilized on the surface of the prepared membrane and then ZnO/polypyrrole/cellulose acetate/GO_X composite was deposited on the platinum electrode for determination of the current at different initial concentrations of glucose. Current measurements proved the suitability and the high sensitivity of the constructed biosensor for the detection of glucose levels in different samples. The performance of the prepared biosensor has been assessed by measuring glucose concentration for different samples with known concentrations. The results affirmed the reliability of the developed biosensor towards real samples which suggests the wide-scale application of the proposed biosensor.