The application of machine learning-based state-of-health (SOH) prediction is hindered by the large demand for training data. To conquer this defect, a flexible and easily transferred SOH prediction scheme for lithium-ion battery packs is developed. First, the charging duration for a predefined voltage range is hired as the health feature to quantify capacity degradation. Then, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network and transfer learning (TL) with fine-tuning strategy are incorporated to constitute the cell mean model (CMM) for SOH prediction with partial training data. Next, to evaluate the SOH inconsistencies among cells, the LSTM model is employed as the cell difference model (CDM), and the minimum estimation value of CDM is identified to determine pack SOH. The experimental results reveal that, even when the first 360 cycle data, occupying only 40% in the whole 904 cycle data, are chosen and constituted to the data set for model training, the obtained estimation algorithm can still predict SOH precisely with the error of less than 3%, thus remarkably reducing the training data amount and mitigating the computation burden during model training. In addition, the preferable validation results on different types of lithium-ion batteries further manifest the extendibility of the proposed strategy.

Autonomous driving is a crucial issue of the automobile industry, and research on lane change is its significant part. Previous works on the autonomous vehicle lane change mainly focused on lane change path planning and path tracking, but autonomous vehicle lane change decision making is rarely mentioned. Therefore, this paper establishes an autonomous lane change decision-making model based on benefit, safety, and tolerance by analyzing the factors of the autonomous vehicle lane change. Then, because of the multi-parameter and non-linearity of the autonomous lane change decision-making process, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with the Bayesian parameters optimization is adopted to solve this problem. Finally, we compare a lane change model based on rules with the proposed SVM model in the test set, and results illustrate that the SVM model performs better than the rule-based lane change model. Moreover, the real car experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the decision model.

Accurate state of health (SOH) prediction is significant to guarantee operation safety and avoid latent failures of lithium-ion batteries. With the development of communication and artificial intelligence technologies, a body of researches have been performed toward precise and reliable SOH prediction method based on machine learning (ML) techniques. In this paper, the conception of SOH is defined, and the state-of-the-art prediction methods are classified based on their primary implementation procedure. As an essential step in ML-based SOH algorithms, the health feature extraction methods reported in the literature are comprehensively surveyed. Next, an exhausted comparison is conducted to elaborate the development of ML-based SOH prediction techniques. Not only their advantages and disadvantages of the application in SOH prediction are reviewed but also their accuracy and execution process are fully discussed. Finally, pivotal challenges and corresponding research directions are provided for more reliable and high-fidelity SOH prediction.

Various faults in the lithium-ion battery system pose a threat to the performance and safety of the battery. However, early faults are difficult to detect, and false alarms occasionally occur due to similar features of the faults. In this article, an online multifault diagnosis strategy based on the fusion of model-based and entropy methods is proposed to detect and isolate multiple types of faults, including current, voltage, and temperature sensor faults, short-circuit faults, and connection faults. An interleaved voltage measurement topology is adopted to distinguish voltage sensor faults from battery short-circuit or connection faults. Based on the established comprehensive battery model, structural analysis is performed to develop diagnostic tests that are sensitive to different faults. Residual generation based on the extended Kalman filter and residual evaluation based on the statistical inference are conducted to detect and isolate sensor faults. Sample entropy is used to further distinguish between the short-circuit faults and connection faults. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic method is verified by multiple fault tests with different fault types and sizes. The results also show that the proposed method has good robustness to noise and inconsistencies in the state of charge and temperature.