Layers of nanoporous aluminum oxide (alumina) have been obtained using the electrochemical etching technique by varying technological regimes. The surface morphology and cleavages of obtained experimental samples are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is established that with the growth of the anodization temperature, the oxide layer thickness, the diameter of pores, interpore distances, and the porosity increase.

The peculiarities of the formation of porous membranes based on aluminum oxide obtained by the electrochemical anodization of aluminum foil with the preset topological parameters of pores-capillares (20–220 nm) have been studied. The methods to study the membranes based on nanoporous aluminum oxide are proposed. The developed nanoporous material possesses the properties of screening IR radiation in a spectral range of 8–14 μm (corresponds to the spectral region of thermal radiation of bioobjecs). The membranes based on anodized aluminum foil provide the fulfilling the functions of channeling a high-flow helium ions with an energy of 1.5–2 MeV with the experimentally found coefficient of transmission of more than 60%.

The process of charged particles transmission through nanoporous alumina membranes with a pore diameter of about 20 nm was studied. A guiding effect was observed for particles passing through dielectric nanocapillaries, which is also typical of glass microcapillaries. The maximum transmission factor measured was 0.625. It was shown in an experiment that Rutherford backscattering is capable of analyzing the quality of the structure of nanoporous membranes.

A single-stage centrifugation method is used for the precipitation and crystallization of a solution of a hybrid halide perovskite compound of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ composition. The perovskite films are annealed in the temperature range of 80–140°C, during which the excess of the N-methylpyrrolidone solvent was removed by evaporation. The X-ray phase analysis of the synthesized perovskite layer is carried out. The morphology of the surface of the layers after crystallization and the transmission spectra in the optical range are studied. The experiments and research results showed that the optimal temperature regime for the formation and crystallization of lead triiodide methylammonium perovskite films is 100–110°C. The perovskite layers obtained in these processing regimes have a surface morphology with a uniform granular crystal structure and are highly uniform. Moreover, in solar cells based on perovskite-like CH₃NH₃PbI₃ structures with an annealing temperature of 100–110°C, the short-circuit currents reached 16.0 mA/cm². At the same time, at annealing temperatures of perovskite layers above 120°С, the maximum value of the short-circuit currents did not exceed 14.0 mA/cm².

The paper is devoted to infrared thermography studies of nanoporous alumina membranes with various geometric parameters of the porous layer: its thickness and average pore diameter. Thermal radiation shielding by anodic alumina membranes is presented. The result obtained showed that nanoporous alumina membranes can be used as heat shields to smooth contrast of thermal radiation of the object and the surrounding background.

The conductivity of direct and alternating current for graphite-like amorphous carbon films after annealing in vacuum at a temperature of 700 °C was studied. The I–V characteristics of such films are symmetrical. The I–V curve in logarithmic coordinates demonstrated the presence of two linear sections. A study of the frequency dependences of structures with a thin graphite-like amorphous carbon film showed a sharp increase in capacitance at low frequencies and a decrease in the high-frequency region. The increase in capacitance in the low-frequency region is explained by the Maxwell–Wagner polarization, which is observed in inhomogeneous dielectrics with conducting inclusions. The results of temperature measurements of resistance showed that at room temperatures, there is a mechanism of conduction of electrons with a variable jump length along localized states lying in a narrow energy band near the Fermi level. At the same time, with an increase in the injection current, an additional mechanism of hopping electrical transport with a variable jump length along localized states in the tail of the valence band arises, which leads to an increase in the conductivity of the films.