Rubber is one of the rare materials that can be used in many sectors and for multiple purposes. It can be used in a wide range of frameworks, from very simple coating materials to very complex spacecraft parts. Apart from natural rubber, compounds are also used for different purposes in rubber production. For a product with such a wide range of uses, the sustainability of its compounds is particularly important. The objective of this study is to investigate environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives for rubber and some compounds, such as fillers and softeners. By doing this research with an academic method, the most suitable option is determined by taking the weights of the factors affecting this decision into consideration. As a result, the most suitable rubber, filler, and softener options are presented.

The rapid growth of airlines over the last period has led to the development of the aviation industry, resulting in increased requirements for ancillary services. Nowadays, the demand for the use of paper-based documents is increasing day by day as airlines encourage passengers to use more ancillary products. One of the most important issues in the aviation industry is flight safety. The procedures and instructions required for all aviation operations are organized in accordance with the regulations and printed on paper in accordance with the demands. For this reason, since it is mandatory to keep all aircraft maintenance, repair, and operation records on printed paper and to keep them for a certain period of time, aircraft fly with almost their entire weight on paper. Considering the global hazards in the world, although the aviation sector is the least environmentally damaging of all transportation sectors, new solutions have been sought to make aviation operations less harmful to the environment, minimize errors and risks, allow for faster communication, and be safer and more sustainable. In order to meet the demands, studies on reducing the use of paper have been brought to the agenda. In this study, after a literature review, real data from a maintenance, repair, and overhaul organization are used to suggest digital conveniences that can save costs, increase productivity, save space, facilitate documentation and information sharing, keep personal information more secure, and help the environment through paperless living.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability performances of turboprop engines used on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for jet fuel and biofuel usages. Energy efficiency of TPE is accounted as 18.304% for jet fuel and 18.309% for biofuel. Exergy efficiency reduces from 17.05% to 16.99% by biofuel usage. Ecological objective function of TPE is computed as -4388.55 kW for jet fuel and -4413.77 kW for biofuel. Ecological objective function index is -3.863 for jet fuel and -3.885 for biofuel. Environmental effect factor of TPE is 4.863 for jet fuel and 4.885 for biofuel, during the ecological effect factor of TPE is 5.863 for jet fuel and 5.885 for biofuel. Exergetic sustainability index of TPE is assessed as 0.206 for jet fuel and 0.205 for biofuel while sustainable efficiency factor of TPE is estimated as 1.206 for jet fuel and 1.205 for biofuel. Environmental impact is obtained as 9059.798 mPts/h for jet fuel and 86.654 mPts/h for biofuel when the environmental impact index is computed as 7.976 mPts/kWh for jet fuel and 0.076 mPts/kWh for biofuel. Environmental damage cost of the engine is calculated to be 192.673 €/h for jet fuel and 1.843 €/h for biofuel when the environmental damage cost index of the engine is determined to be 0.170 €/kWh for jet fuel and 0.002 €/kWh for biofuel. As a result, the energy and exergy-based performance metrics have gone wrong by biofuel usage while the emission-based environmental impact analyses have improved by biofuel usage.

Environmental impact assessment comprises a set of analyses, and there are several subjects. However, the “airport impact research” subject has grown into a more integral and broader view. Green airports make this phenomenon more complex when analyzing different operational criteria. This study focused on easing the readers’ understanding of the impact analysis phenomenon more comprehensively. Moreover, the motivation behind this paper is to express the roots of the research subject on the green airport concept. Three domains are defined to classify the impact analysis, affecting each other while focusing on operational or capital investments in the airports. Spending a budget or an organizational function might negatively affect carbon dioxide emissions or further toxic disseminating natural resources. This study has examined 93 published scientific papers to show the distribution of the classified subjects on the three domains as Energy, Natural resources, and economic sustainability. Despite the common superiority of environmental topics, it has been seen that economic efficiency and the importance of the design subjects are the main predecessors in this review. Subjects have diverted into the environmental issues in the later years. Also, popular keywords have been presented to the audience’s attention, which counts the frequency in time.

Sustainable material use refers to the capacity of a material to be utilized in a way that does not deplete the Earth’s natural resources or harm the ecosystem. This lowering might entail employing renewable or recyclable materials and reducing the overall quantity of material utilized in airport services. Renewable materials, recyclable materials, biodegradable materials, reusable materials, low-impact materials (low-emission materials), natural materials, and non-toxic materials are sustainable materials used in airports. There are 58 civil airports operated in Turkiye. The public information on the airport operators’ websites can assess sustainable material use in these airports. There are ten different airport operator groups present in Turkiye. This study offered a novel scoring system called CACS which stands for Clarity, Accessibility, Continuity, and Suitability, to retrieve sustainable material use from sustainability reports of airport operators. The model proposed in this paper will help the readers benchmark a group of airports not present in the literature. The results show that İGA airport is the highest score among the ten airports, followed by TAV airports at 820.6 and 256.3, respectively. The top five airports encapsulate 97.44% after the Normalization of passenger counts of Turkiye. Airport operators’ sustainable material usage and other sustainability benchmarking on numerous domains based on sustainability reporting systems would draw the public and increase awareness, allowing operator firms and airport authorities to concentrate on creating a more livable future.