The overcoming of the issues on energy crisis and inequality have become the priorities as far developing as developed countries are concerned. Moreover, energy inequality has increased due to the shortage of natural gas and rising energy prices in retaliation to the economic recovery affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to verify the linkage between the growth of renewable energy consumption and the country’s economic advancement. In this context, this paper determines the main driving forces of renewable energy consumption in European countries during 2000–2018. The annual data for panel regression analysis are retrieved from the OECD. Stat and World Bank Open Data. This empirical analysis employed a set of estimation procedures such as the panel unit root test (Levin, Lin & Chu; Im, Pesaran, Shin W-Stat; ADF-Fisher Chi-square; and PP-Fisher Chi-square methods), the Pearson correlation, fixed- and random-effects models, generalized method of moments (GMM), Hausman and the robustness tests. The results from the Hausman test ratified that the fixed-effects regression model is more suitable for involved panel balanced data. The results of fixed-effects regression and GMM identified the statistically significant and positive relationship between the share of renewable energy consumption of total final energy consumption, GDP per capita, and CO₂ emissions per capita for the overall sample. In turn, the total labor force, the gross capital formation, and production-based CO₂ intensity are inversely related to renewable energy consumption. The identified effects could provide some insights for policymakers to improve the renewable energy sector towards gaining sustainable economic development.

The well-developed countries have more options to attract tourists and generate profit from the tourism development. At the same time, the high volume of CO2 emissions, ecological risks, polluted nature restrict the tourism development in the country. The reorientation of global development to green growth provokes transformations in all policies of the country’s development. It allows green countries to attract more tourists. In this case, the paper aims to analyze the relationships between economic growth, ecological indicators, and tourism development. Ukraine has chosen the EU vector of development. In this case, it is necessary to identify the targets for synchronizing the Ukrainian policies (economic, ecological, social, tourism, etc.) with the EU. The objects of the investigation were Ukraine and Visegrad countries for 2000-2020 years. The panel data was generated from World Data Bank, Eurostat, European Environmental Agency, and Ukrstat. The dependent variable – GDP (as an indicator of economic growth), independent – greenhouse gas emissions and share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption (ecological indicators), the volume of tourists (indicators of tourism development). At the first stage, the study used bibliometric analysis to identify publication activities’ general tendency on the analyzed issues. The following methods were applied to check the hypothesis on cointegration between variables: panel unit root test, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, and the fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares panel cointegration techniques. The findings confirmed the relationships between economic, ecological, and tourism development. Thus, the decline of greenhouse gas emissions leads to increasing tourists, and as a consequence, it provokes GDP growth.

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on developing the free-carbon economy in Ukraine. The main purpose of the paper is elaborating the energy efficiency profile of Ukraine to assure the development of the free-carbon economy. To achieve this...

Combating climate change and mitigating its negative consequences requires enhancing awareness of sustainable development. It is believed the education sector is an excellent trigger for green transformations. In turn, since social media has become a fundamental part of people's everyday lives, they are considered to be an effective tool in engaging the broader audience to green problems. In this view, this paper aims to analyze the social media activity of world-leading green universities in gaining the university community's commitment to sustainable development principles. This study involved text mining, statistical, content, and sentiment analyses to achieve the study aim and answer the following research questions: 1) What is the social media performance of the green universities? 2) What is a difference in the social media parameters used by the green universities involving the academic community and stakeholders to account for environmental issues? The research objects are five top-ranked sustainable universities worldwide according to the UI GreenMetric World University Rankings in 2021 and Sumy State University (as the first Ukrainian university listed by the mentioned above ranking). The study period covers data as of May 10, 2022. The data was retrieved from the analyzed universities' social media sites (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Instagram, etc.). The findings confirmed the research hypothesis that the social media activity of green universities could be a driving force in gaining sustainable development goals and promoting an eco-friendly lifestyle worldwide. Based on the obtained results, the authors provided some recommendations regarding strengthening the universities’ social media activity towards increasing the green awareness of netizens.

Systematisation of literary sources on and approaches to solving the problem of enhancing customer loyalty indicated that scholars had contributed significantly to enriching the scientific research aimed at ensuring the effective long-term consumer interaction. Accordingly, the current paper aims at conducting the bibliometric analysis of publications on customer loyalty to banks institutions. The object of research is the scientific documents published in the biggest abstract database Scopus. The paper follows in the next logical sequence. Firstly, the authors search scientific studies indexed by Scopus database from 2000 to 2019 in the domain of customer loyalty. The document search was conducted in the following areas: the article title, abstract and keywords. Herewith, the combinations of keywords included: bank and customer; bank and loyalty, bank reputation and loyalty; bank confidence and loyalty; bank trust and loyalty; bank and customer; bank and communication strategy. With the irrelevant documents excepted and the duplicate ones eliminated, the determinate sample of documents investigated amounted for 2752 items. Secondly, the selected papers were visualised with VOSviewer software to build the network maps displaying the relationships among the keywords. Thus, the obtained results allowed describing the main directions in the scientific treatise on customer loyalty to banking as well as highlighting the scientific schools interested in exploring the investigated theme. The authors noted that the findings might be the base for future investigation on developing the communication strategies to increase customer loyalty to bank institutions.

EU countries declared the strategic goal to achieve energy independence and increase energy efficiency. In this case, EU countries have provided a vast range of incentives, mechanisms, and directives to promote energy efficiency. Ukraine as a potential candidate should provide a convergent policy with EU countries to increase energy efficiency. The paper aims to estimate energy efficiency based on the revealed convergent and divergent determinants of energy policies among the EU and Ukraine. The data are compiled from the World Energy Statistics Yearbook, the European Statistical Office, the International Energy Agency, SolAbility agencies, and State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The study applies σ- i β-convergence theory to determine the convergent and divergent determinants of the country’s energy efficiency. The empirical results allow concluding that Ukraine has an average level in the integrated energy efficiency index of the national economy, and the highest value of this index was in 2008. The highest values of energy efficiency were in Sweden and Denmark among EU countries. Besides, the findings confirm that the Ukrainian government should pay attention to divergent determinants (expenditure for environmental protection, pricing for energy resources, etc.) to improve the country’s energy efficiency.