The article introduces the concept of «smart» farm as a tool for decision making support and provides the requirements necessary for its functioning. The aim of the research is the development of the concept of “smart” farm using modern system approach and intellectual technologies of biomachine systems. The conditions influencing the “smart” dairy farm operation according to V.P. Goryachkin, P.K. Anokhin and YA. Gulsen are outlined. The structure of management on a dairy farm in the form of the expanded ergatic system is presented. The problems associated with the uncertainty of subjective nature (lack of sufficient information) on the dairy farm are formulated and the ways of solving these problems are given. The priority areas and projects for the development of a «smart» dairy farm are outlined. They should provide reduction in labor intensity of all operations on a farm and 2-2.5 times increase in productive longevity of cows. The technology of optimization of feeding processes on the farm leading to 1.5-2 times rise in digestibility as compared to traditional methods is introduced. A non-contact hardware and software complex of video and digital identification of udder and joint diseases in cows is shown. It should lead to decrease in mastitis disease rate in cows.

The article shows the assessment of the hourly and shift energy intensity of the operator's work on rotary milking machines with internal milking (of the "Herringbone" type) with the connection of teat cups on the side and on installations with external milking with the connection of teat cups at the back (of the "Parallel" type). The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor productivity of machine milking operators working on rotary milking machines. The conditions that affect the labor productivity of the milking operator are considered. Calculations are presented to determine the indicators of ergonomics and energy intensity of labor of machine milking operators. The data were obtained empirically using the method of chronometric observations of the work of operators in the milking parlor and the principles of a systematic approach. The total mass of loads moved during each hour of the shift from the working surface is exceeded for men (the normal value is not more than 870 kg) and significantly exceeded for women (the normal value is not more than 350 kg) and is 644...1380 kg on Milkline (external) provided that one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine. The total mass of loads is also exceeded for female operators on the AutoRotor 40 (external) and AutoRotor 60 (external) «Carousels» and amounts to 653 kg and 575 kg per operator, respectively. The normal value of the static load per shift when holding the load and applying efforts with one hand for men - not more than 353.0 kN∙s, for women ‒ not more than 215.7 kN∙s. On Milkline installations (external) it is 212.4…455.0 kN∙s when one operator works at the connecting of the milking machine, while the upper limit is significantly exceeded for both men and especially women.

The research is aimed at profound study of the influence of the "machine" factor (M) in the "human-machineanimal" system ("H-M-A") with the detailed description of the functions performed by "M", taking into account the convey of "M" control and control functions from the subsystems "human-operator" (HO) and "animal" (A). The paper presents the scheme of transformation and expansion of machine functionality in a biotechnical system; mathematical modeling of the dependence of technological signals controlled by the functions of local biotechnological systems (LBTS); mathematical model of diagnostic signals about the corresponding parameters of technical blocks of LBTS. Algorithmization and digitalization of processes on a dairy farm include an extended list of control indicators: technological signals, diagnostic signals and "alarm" signals presented in the article in matrix form. Monitoring the parameters of the most important subsystem "M" of the complex biotechnical system "H-M-A" of a dairy farm provides an increase in the level of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of the corresponding processes of milking, feeding, manure removal and others which creates prerequisites for improving their work and servicing animals as well as increasing the level of autonomy of their functioning. The development of the "machine" factor of the system is advisable on the basis of the machine-centric model of the LBTS, which will gradually expand its functions due to the transferred control and management functions from the corresponding subsystems "HO" and "A". The control parameters are determined at the characteristic reference points of the quarter curves of milk output for the development of refined algorithms for controlling the milking processes of individual udder shares in automated and robotic milking machines of the new generation. A graphical and numerical model of a wheeled feed-pusher robot in the Matlab/Simulink environment is shown. The created mathematical model of motion control by a wheeled feed-pusher robot provides effective interaction of the positioning system and the wheeedl robot drive in digital of autonomous movement.

The article studies the experimental process of cultivation of microalgae in a photobioreactor (PBR) to study the effect of technological conditions on the productivity of microalgae. This process allows obtaining initial data for the development of closed cycles of using the energy potential of alga mass in heat and power supply of various industries, including agricultural enterprises (livestock complexes, poultry farms, etc.) The scheme of a closed cycle of power supply of the cattle complex allows obtaining hot water, feed additives to the cattle ration, bio humus, motor biofuel and carbon dioxide, which is advisable to use in the process of cultivating microalgae. The experiments were carried out on a photobioreactor for cultivating microalgae with an intelligent control system. The developed photobioreactor differs from the known ones in the pulsating hydrodynamic regime of feeding the nutrient solution, which provides an increase in the productivity of the microalgae cultivation up to 15%. The experimental model of the cultivation conditions of the microalga Ch. Vulgaris on a combined diet (Tamiya medium + manure substrate) showed a noticeable increase in crop productivity when adding cattle manure extract to the nutrient medium in an amount from 30 to 60% (vol.). This can be used in the development of closed cycles of heat and power supply for cattle farms based on biofuels of the third generation, obtained from the phytomass of microalgae.

The aim of the research was to determine the change in the volume of fluid slug moving in the milk pipeline for calculating the initial length of the fluid slug and thus the air slug length. This allows to control the fluid and air inlet valve during circulatory washing of milking equipment with milk line and provides a stable plug flow during washing. The article deals with the problems of formation of a wave flow and plug flow regime in a milk line in dependance to the degree of filling and shear stress on the surface of the phases. As the result, the dependence curves have been obtained. They show that when the degree of filling the milk line with liquid is from 0.4d to 0.6d, the probability of slug formation decreases. To determine the loss of a fluid slug volume moving in a milk line, mathematical calculations with the use of the boundary layer theory have been carried out. As the result, the curves of the time of fluid and air intake into the system depending on the length and diameter of the milk pipeline have been obtained. These engineering calculation methods allow to set the operating parameters of the valves for fluid and air inlet into the system during washing. To calculate the parameters of pipelines with an internal diameter of 48, 63, 70 and 98 mm often used in milking equipment, a Delphi-based program was written. The article provides an example of calculating the time of opening and closing the valve for the inlet of fluid and air during washing for a milk line with 48 mm pipe diameter, 120 m length and pressure in the system of 48 kPa. Experimental studies have confirmed the reliability of the calculations, the loss of the liquid plug length for the milk pipeline Ø50. 8 mm is on average 5 cm per 1 meter of the fluid path.

The article provides an analysis of existing feeding technologies on dairy farms, which are divided into four types and evaluated by the accuracy of dosing concentrated and bulky feeds into a mixer. In the first type of feeding, the feed is prepared by a trailer mixer-distributor, where each component is dosed by a loader, the accuracy of the feed dosage was measured by the onboard weighing system "Dailly TMR Manager". The second type involves the use of a self-propelled feed dispenser mixer with self-loading. The third feeding scheme in a stationary feed mill provides for the use of a stationary mixer-distributor of feed and automated distribution means (a wheeled robot or a feed wagon). The fourth type of feeding technology is presented in the form of a self-propelled chassis, on which the feed mixer capacity and an autonomous dosing system of concentrated feeds for different age and gender technological groups are installed. The high dosage error of concentrated feeds was shown by the first feeding technology, the maximum recorded value of 17 % out of 100 measurements. When dosing bulky feeds, the first and fourth feeding technologies showed a high error of up to 6 %. The technology of feeding in a stationary feed mill has a high accuracy of dosing of all types of feed, but the main disadvantages of this technology are high metal consumption, energy consumption and bulkiness of the structure, which increases the cost of equipment and its maintenance. The specific gravity of concentrates in the feeding diet requires the use of high-precision dosing equipment, eliminating dosage errors associated with the human factor. An overdose of concentrated grains increases the cost of milk, increases the risk of acidosis, and a lack reduces the efficiency of animal nutrient metabolism. Based on the above analysis of existing technologies, a feeding technology is proposed using a self-propelled mixer distributor with an automatic weight control system and a self-loading device for bulky feeds, and for concentrated feeds – a robotic device equipped with an accurate dispenser of concentrated feeds and mineral additives with a maximum error of 2 %.