Vehicles today have many advanced driver assistance control systems that improve vehicle safety and comfort. With the development of more sophisticated vehicle electronic control and autonomous driving technology, the need and effort to estimate road surface conditions is increasing. In this paper, a real-time road surface classification algorithm, based on a deep neural network, is developed using a database collected through an intelligent tire sensor system with a three-axis accelerometer installed inside the tire. Two representative types of network, fully connected neural network (FCNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), are learned with each of the three-axis acceleration sensor signals, and their performances were compared to obtain an optimal learning network result. The learning results show that the road surface type can be classified in real-time with sufficient accuracy when the longitudinal and vertical axis acceleration signals are trained with the CNN. In order to improve classification accuracy, a CNN with multiple input that can simultaneously learn 2-axis or 3-axis acceleration signals is suggested. In addition, by analyzing how the accuracy of the network is affected by number of classes and length of input data, which is related to delay of classification, the appropriate network can be selected according to the application. The proposed real-time road surface classification algorithm is expected to be utilized with various vehicle electronic control systems and makes a contribution to improving vehicle performance.

This paper focuses on the real-time obstacle avoidance and safe navigation of autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs). It introduces the Selective MPC-PF-PSO algorithm, which includes model predictive control (MPC), Artificial Potential Fields (APFs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This approach involves defining multiple sets of coefficients for adaptability to the surrounding environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is appropriate for generating obstacle avoidance paths. The algorithm was implemented on the ROS platform using NVIDIA’s Jetson Xavier, and driving experiments were conducted with a steer-type AGV. Through measurements of computation time and real obstacle avoidance experiments, it was shown to be practical in the real world.

As unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) continue to be adapted to new applications, an emerging area lacks proper guidance for global route optimization methodology. This area is surveillance. In autonomous surveillance applications, a UGV is equipped with a sensor that receives data within a specific range from the vehicle while it traverses the environment. In this paper, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was adapted to the UGV surveillance problem to solve for optimal paths within sub-areas. To do so, the problem was modeled as the covering salesman problem (CSP). This is one of the first applications using ACO to solve the CSP. Then, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to schedule a fleet of UGVs to scan several sub-areas such that the total distance is minimized. Initially, these paths are infeasible because of the sharp turning angles. Thus, they are improved using two methods of path refinement (namely, the corner-cutting and Reeds–Shepp methods) such that the kinematic constraints of the vehicles are met. Several test case scenarios were developed for Goheung, South Korea, to validate the proposed methodology. The promising results presented in this article highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for UGV surveillance applications.

Recently, various studies related to the development of unmanned vehicles have been conducted around the world. In particular, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been developed and utilized for various purposes. In this study, we developed a method for the path generation of UGVs in a system in which one operator controls many different types of unmanned vehicles. In the driving control system (DCS), it is necessary to process sensor data such as GPS/INS and LiDAR when generating a path by receiving the target waypoint from the ground control station. In addition, the DCS must upload the current location, posture, state, etc., as well as save driving log. Therefore, in order to recognize obstacles in real time and generate a path, a safe path generation algorithm with a short computation time is required. Among the various path generation methods, the potential field algorithm was selected, and the algorithm was modified to reduce the computation time. The computation time before and after modification of the algorithm was obtained and compared through simulation, and the algorithm was verified through application to an actual system by performing an obstacle avoidance experiment and a simultaneous control experiment for two UGVs.

최근 무인으로 임무를 수행할 수 있는 이동체에 대한 개발이 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)에 대한 활용이 빠르게 증가하고 있다. UGV(Unmanned Ground Vehicle)와 UAV가 협력하여 임무를 수행하면 서로의 단점을 보완하여 다양한 임무에 투입될 수 있다. UGV의 주행에는 많은 연산이 필요하기 때문에, 임무 관리와 동시에 수행하기 위해서는 자율주행 제어기와 임무제어기를 분리하여 개발할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 UAV와 UGV가 함께 임무를 수행하기 위해, 전기차를 장착형 제어 모듈을 통해 자율주행이 가능하도록 개조하였고, 장애물 회피를 위한 potential field 알고리즘을 개선하여 통신과 센서의 처리를 수행하면서도 지역 경로를 생성할 수 있는 효율적 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, 관제소와의 통신을 통해 명령을 받고 임무를 관리하며 실시간성을 활용하여 경로 추종 제어를 수행하는 임무 제어기의 HW와 SW를 개발하였다.