A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects of integrating real-time continuous glucose monitor (rtCGM) into a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) dietary intervention on dietary intake, body composition and specific metabolic parameters was carried out. A total of 40 overweight young adults [(means ± SD) age: 26.4 ± 5.3 years, BMI: 29.4 ± 4.7 kg/m²] were randomised into an intervention and control groups for a period of eight weeks. Both groups received nutrition education on low GI and GL foods. The intervention group also received an rtCGM system to monitor their glucose levels 24 h a day. While controlling for physical activities and GI and GL nutrition knowledge, the results indicated that the rtCGM system further improved body weight, BMI, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the intervention group (p < 0.05). This trial unveils the robustness of the rtCGM where non-diabetic overweight and obese young adults can benefit from this device and utilise it as a management tool for overweight and obesity and a primary prevention tool for type 2 diabetes, as it provides real-time and personalised information on physiological changes.

Understanding and recognising environmentally-friendly behaviour are vital in achieving the Sustainability Development Goals and driving the economy for countries and producers of environmentally-friendly goods. Nevertheless, various stakeholders have expressed concern about the existing green gap, which greatly hinders their marketing efforts. This situation persists as mainstream research investigates people’s purchasing intentions, under the notion that the intention to perform a specific behaviour would generally predict the actual behaviour. The key argument of this study is that examining the actual consumption behaviour of organic foods is the ideal approach towards investigating purchase intention drivers as a proxy for consumption. In response to the green gap, the theory of planned behaviour is expanded by including the dimension of temporal orientation, i.e., a future orientation that has an influential but unrecognised effect on many human behaviours. In contrast to the prevalent operationalisation of attitude, the term is defined as a product-specific attitude which is markedly dissimilar to the environmental attitude in its orientations. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to analyse the research model. The findings indicate that while product-specific attitudes and perceived availability positively affect organic food consumption, subjective norms do not. Additionally, the data implies that product-specific attitudes are stronger when future orientation is high.

Postprandial hyperglycaemia is associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the glycaemic index (GI) of three varieties of rice-based mixed meals and their effects on glycaemic variability (GV), 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges, and rice variety preferences among overweight and obese young adults using real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). In a randomised controlled crossover design, 14 participants (22.8 ± 4.6 years, 32.9 ± 5.8 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to receive 3 rice-based mixed meals containing 50 g of available carbohydrates (white rice meal = WRM; brown rice meal = BRM; and parboiled basmati rice meal = PBRM) and 50 g of a glucose reference drink on alternate days. GI, GV, 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges were measured. Rice variety preferences were compared with those of baseline data and determined at the end of the study period. Results: The analysis found that PBRM was low in GI (45.35 ± 2.06), BRM medium in GI (56.44 ± 2.34), and WRM high in GI (83.03 ± 2.19). PBRM had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower 24 h mean glucose level, higher in-target 24 h glucose level percentage and non-significantly (p > 0.05) lower GV compared to WRM. Prior to observing their postprandial glucose levels generated by rtCGM, the participants preferred WRM (64.3%) over other meals, whereas this preference changed significantly (p < 0.05) at the endpoint (PBRM, 71.4%). PBRM reduced 24 h glucose level and GV of overweight and obese young adults. The rtCGM is proven to be reliable in measuring GI, while providing robust continuous glycaemic information. This may serve as an educational tool that motivates eating behaviour changes among overweight and obese young adults.