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Hazlie Mokhlis
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

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Journal article
Published: 26 June 2021 in Alexandria Engineering Journal
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Distributed Generation (DG) integration, especially based on renewable energy resources, has gained great attention by power utilities and frequently utilized in the electrical distribution systems. However, DG integration imposes some risks towards system stability which may lead to system blackouts. This mainly occurs when the grid is decoupled from a portion of the distribution system consisting DGs while the total load demand is greater than total DGs output power. In order to overcome this problem, load shedding technique can be adopted to stabilize the system frequency. However, existing load shedding techniques were unable to accurately estimate the power imbalance due the variation in system loading. This results in excessive/inadequate load shedding to stabilize the system frequency. Moreover, random selection of the loads without load prioritization might cause vital loads to be shed. Therefore, in this paper, a new load shedding strategy for islanded distribution system is proposed. Polynomial regression analysis estimates the power mismatch while MILP optimization estimates optimal load combination for shedding. Furthermore, load priority (i.e., vital, non-vital, and semi-vital) is also considered to avoid disconnecting vital loads. Efficiency of the proposed scheme is evaluated on three different test systems. Validation is performed by modelling the proposed load shedding on PSCAD/EMTDC software for dynamic analysis. From the results, it can be analyzed that the proposed technique is superior compared to other techniques proposed in the literature.

ACS Style

Sohail Sarwar; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Hussain Shareef; Li Wang; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin; Hasmaini Mohamad. Application of polynomial regression and MILP for under-frequency load shedding scheme in islanded distribution system. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sohail Sarwar, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mohamadariff Othman, Hussain Shareef, Li Wang, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin, Hasmaini Mohamad. Application of polynomial regression and MILP for under-frequency load shedding scheme in islanded distribution system. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohail Sarwar; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Hussain Shareef; Li Wang; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin; Hasmaini Mohamad. 2021. "Application of polynomial regression and MILP for under-frequency load shedding scheme in islanded distribution system." Alexandria Engineering Journal , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Demand for continuous and reliable power supply has significantly increased, especially in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. In this regard, adequate planning of electrical power systems considering persistent load growth, increased integration of distributed generators (DGs), optimal system operation during N-1 contingencies, and compliance to the existing system constraints are paramount. However, these issues need to be parallelly addressed for optimum distribution system planning. Consequently, the planning optimization problem would become more complex due to the various technical and operational constraints as well as the enormous search space. To address these considerations, this paper proposes a strategy to obtain one optimal solution for the distribution system expansion planning by considering N-1 system contingencies for all branches and DG optimal sizing and placement as well as fluctuations in the load profiles. In this work, a hybrid firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization (FA-PSO) was proposed to determine the optimal solution for the expansion planning problem. The validity of the proposed method was tested on IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems. The results show that incorporating DGs with optimal sizing and location minimizes the investment and power loss cost for the 33-bus system by 42.18% and 14.63%, respectively, and for the 69-system by 31.53% and 12%, respectively. In addition, comparative studies were done with a different model from the literature to verify the robustness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Hamza Mubarak; Nurulafiqah Mansor; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mahazani Mohamad; Hasmaini Mohamad; Munir Muhammad; Mohammad Al Samman; Suhail Afzal. Optimum Distribution System Expansion Planning Incorporating DG Based on N-1 Criterion for Sustainable System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6708 .

AMA Style

Hamza Mubarak, Nurulafiqah Mansor, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mahazani Mohamad, Hasmaini Mohamad, Munir Muhammad, Mohammad Al Samman, Suhail Afzal. Optimum Distribution System Expansion Planning Incorporating DG Based on N-1 Criterion for Sustainable System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Mubarak; Nurulafiqah Mansor; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mahazani Mohamad; Hasmaini Mohamad; Munir Muhammad; Mohammad Al Samman; Suhail Afzal. 2021. "Optimum Distribution System Expansion Planning Incorporating DG Based on N-1 Criterion for Sustainable System." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6708.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2021 in IEEE Access
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For the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles (EV), reliable fast-charging stations (FCS) demand high priority among EV users. However, unplanned locations of charging stations (CSs) and station capacity determination have adverse effects on the operation and the performance of power-distribution network. In this study, we developed an optimal FCS-planning model considering the aspects of EV users’ convenience, station economic benefits, the impact on distribution systems and the effect on environment. A queuing-theory-based CS sizing algorithm that benefits EV users as well as improves CS capacity utilization was proposed. The proposed planning model was verified through a case study using real road network data by employing multi-objective binary and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. In addition, to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed sizing algorithm, sensitivity analyses for different EV penetration levels and station utilization were conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed CS-allocation model is beneficial in terms of achieving the satisfaction of EV users, cost savings, better station utilization, and less impact on power grids and the environment. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed planning model, a comparative study with one of the previous work on CS planning is also performed. The results demonstrate that the proposed charging station sizing method is highly efficient in optimizing EV users’ satisfaction and for better station utilization.

ACS Style

Madathodika Asna; Hussain Shareef; Prasanthi Achikkulath; Hazlie Mokhlis; Rachid Errouissi; Addy Wahyudie. Analysis of an Optimal Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 73678 -73694.

AMA Style

Madathodika Asna, Hussain Shareef, Prasanthi Achikkulath, Hazlie Mokhlis, Rachid Errouissi, Addy Wahyudie. Analysis of an Optimal Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():73678-73694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madathodika Asna; Hussain Shareef; Prasanthi Achikkulath; Hazlie Mokhlis; Rachid Errouissi; Addy Wahyudie. 2021. "Analysis of an Optimal Planning Model for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates." IEEE Access 9, no. : 73678-73694.

Research article
Published: 02 May 2021 in International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems
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Voltage source converters are important elements of grid‐connected microgrid, as these integrate distribution generators of microgrid with utility grid. Often due to lack of efficient and flexible control, these converters do not perform as per expectations. Many control methods based on dq current control theory had been developed for grid‐connected microgrids inverters to control power flow between microgrid and grid. However, all these controllers used phase locked loop systems for grid synchronization purposes, which possess slow dynamics and transient response. To overcome these issues, in this article, an improved real and reactive power control method for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid's bidirectional voltage source converter is proposed which is based on the dq current control theory without using phase locked loop system and Park transformation. The proposed power controller has possessed better dynamic performance compared with the conventional power controllers consisted of phase locked loop system. In addition, due to the elimination of phase locked loop system and park transformation not only the computational burden is reduced with the implementation of the proposed power controller, but also steady state performance is enhanced. The control hardware‐in‐loop real time simulation is carried out using real time digital simulator to validate the performance of the proposed power controller during transient state, steady state and power transfer mode by modeling a grid‐connected hybrid microgrid. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the settling time has improved to 0.08 second compared to 0.15 second of conventional controller, power ripples are significantly reduced, and total harmonic distortion of converter output current obtained is 2.226%.

ACS Style

Shameem Ahmad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12922 .

AMA Style

Shameem Ahmad, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis. An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (7):e12922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shameem Ahmad; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis. 2021. "An improved power control strategy for grid‐connected hybrid microgrid without park transformation and phase‐locked loop system." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 7: e12922.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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Integration between supplies for stationary power and vehicles is potentially useful for increasing the efficiency and the reliability of energy generation systems. Solid oxide fuel cell is one matured technology, which is suitable for a polygeneration system and provides an integration of supply for stationary power and vehicles. However, a combination of solid oxide fuel cell with photovoltaic thermal and thermoelectric generation increases the complexity of a polygeneration system. The system needs a management strategy for dispatching the energies produced. Therefore, in this work, a fuzzy energy management strategy was applied for this polygeneration system by considering two different configurations: an off-grid system with electric vehicle supply and an on-grid system with hydrogen vehicle supply. A two-stage fuzzy energy management strategy considering optimization and management of multi-parameters of the polygeneration components was considered. The evaluation of the optimum fuzzy was analyzed based on energy, economic, and environmental criteria. From the results obtained, the optimal strategy increased the reliability, energy, and system cost savings by 22.05%, 22.4%, and 32.58%, respectively. Moreover, the optimum management reduced the power loss of the polygeneration system by about 48.82%, which was achieved by the configuration with electric vehicles supply and off-grid connection.

ACS Style

Farah Ramadhani; Mohammad Azlan Hussain; Hazlie Mokhlis; Hazlee Azil Illias. Two-stage fuzzy-logic-based for optimal energy management strategy for SOFC/PV/TEG hybrid polygeneration system with electric charging and hydrogen fueling stations. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2021, 13, 024301 .

AMA Style

Farah Ramadhani, Mohammad Azlan Hussain, Hazlie Mokhlis, Hazlee Azil Illias. Two-stage fuzzy-logic-based for optimal energy management strategy for SOFC/PV/TEG hybrid polygeneration system with electric charging and hydrogen fueling stations. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2021; 13 (2):024301.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Ramadhani; Mohammad Azlan Hussain; Hazlie Mokhlis; Hazlee Azil Illias. 2021. "Two-stage fuzzy-logic-based for optimal energy management strategy for SOFC/PV/TEG hybrid polygeneration system with electric charging and hydrogen fueling stations." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 13, no. 2: 024301.

Review
Published: 24 February 2021 in IEEE Access
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Technology advancement in the last few decades allows large penetration of renewable energy resources in the distribution network (DN). The integration of such resources has shown a substantial impact on DN through power loss reduction and improved network reliability. Besides this, the existing protection system has encountered coordination challenges due to the bidirectional power flow, different types and capacity of generation sources, and changes in fault levels due to network operating modes (grid-connected or islanded). Such conditions may cause the relays to malfunction and imperil the effectiveness of the existing protection scheme. Therefore, an efficient and robust protection coordination scheme is imperative to avoid network reliability and stability issues to the grid. This review paper presents a comparative analysis of various protection techniques implemented to alleviate the impact of integrated resources into DN. Moreover, a comparison of classical and modified protection approaches in terms of advantages, shortcomings, and implementation costs is presented. The prime objective of this study is to highlight the prominence of utilizing user-defined programmable relays for modern DNs. Moreover, recommendations are presented by considering the application of user-defined relay characteristics that can be proved as a robust protection scheme to cope with the protection challenges in existing and future power systems developments.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usama; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mahmoud Moghavvemi; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Majed A. Alotaibi; Munir Azam Muhammad; Abdullah Akram Bajwa. A Comprehensive Review on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Interconnected Distribution Networks. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 35740 -35765.

AMA Style

Muhammad Usama, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mahmoud Moghavvemi, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Majed A. Alotaibi, Munir Azam Muhammad, Abdullah Akram Bajwa. A Comprehensive Review on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Interconnected Distribution Networks. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():35740-35765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usama; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mahmoud Moghavvemi; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Majed A. Alotaibi; Munir Azam Muhammad; Abdullah Akram Bajwa. 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Interconnected Distribution Networks." IEEE Access 9, no. : 35740-35765.

Original research paper
Published: 21 December 2020 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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The exponential increase in the frequency and intensity of high impact low probability weather‐related events have pivoted the paradigm of research pertaining to power systems towards resilience. Power system is considered as a critical infrastructure, directly linked to the nation's economy, security and health. Therefore, recent researchers have proposed several techniques to enhance the resilience of power systems. In those techniques, critical loads have been considered independent in nature and different metrics have been proposed to evaluate the resilience of the network. To enhance the resiliency, this paper incorporated distributed generators in the distribution network and critical loads are modelled interdependently. Furthermore, a novel resilience metric is proposed in this paper to evaluate the resilience of a distribution system. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer second‐order cone programming problem and the efficacy of the proposed model is evaluated on IEEE 33‐ and 69‐bus systems. The competence of the proposed resilience metric is evaluated after comparison with existing resilience metrics.

ACS Style

Abdullah Akram Bajwa; Hazlie Mokhlis; Saad Mekhlief; Marizan Mubin; Munir Muhammad Azam; Sohail Sarwar. Resilience‐oriented service restoration modelling interdependent critical loads in distribution systems with integrated distributed generators. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020, 15, 1257 -1272.

AMA Style

Abdullah Akram Bajwa, Hazlie Mokhlis, Saad Mekhlief, Marizan Mubin, Munir Muhammad Azam, Sohail Sarwar. Resilience‐oriented service restoration modelling interdependent critical loads in distribution systems with integrated distributed generators. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2020; 15 (8):1257-1272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Akram Bajwa; Hazlie Mokhlis; Saad Mekhlief; Marizan Mubin; Munir Muhammad Azam; Sohail Sarwar. 2020. "Resilience‐oriented service restoration modelling interdependent critical loads in distribution systems with integrated distributed generators." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 15, no. 8: 1257-1272.

Review
Published: 01 December 2020 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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Modern societies these days are more dependent on electrical energy and they expect a continuous supply as per demand. In this regard, the complex power system is designed to supply electrical energy with a certain level of quality and continuity though it is still susceptible to vandalism, natural disasters, and extreme weather. The black sky event where the power grid goes down is more of a possibility nowadays than ever due to more frequent severe weather events. This in turn has increased the need to study resilience in the context of the power system. This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on power system resilience from various perspectives. First, well-developed power system safety concepts are discussed and critically reviewed in view of large-scale power outages. Then, the various definitions and confounding features of resilience in the power system domain are presented. Subsequently, several frameworks, resilience curves, and quantitative metrics proposed in recent years for power system resilience are investigated, followed by a summary of hardening strategies. Next, a case study is presented to illustrate how the resilience of a 69-bus system is assessed against a hurricane. Finally, the study highlights challenges and proposes several future works to achieve a resilient power grid.

ACS Style

Suhail Afzal; Hazlie Mokhlis; Hazlee Azil Illias; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Hussain Shareef. State‐of‐the‐art review on power system resilience and assessment techniques. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020, 14, 6107 -6121.

AMA Style

Suhail Afzal, Hazlie Mokhlis, Hazlee Azil Illias, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Hussain Shareef. State‐of‐the‐art review on power system resilience and assessment techniques. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2020; 14 (25):6107-6121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suhail Afzal; Hazlie Mokhlis; Hazlee Azil Illias; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Hussain Shareef. 2020. "State‐of‐the‐art review on power system resilience and assessment techniques." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 25: 6107-6121.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in IEEE Access
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This paper presents a Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative (FOI-PD) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area Interconnected Power System (IPS) with six multiple generations units in a restructured environment. Further, the two-area IPS is composed of multiple non-linearities with Time Delay (TD), Boiler Dynamic (BD), Governor Dead Zone/Band (GDZ/GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The gains of the proposed controller are optimized by a most recent powerful meta-heuristic algorithm known as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO). The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as Firefly Algorithm (FA), Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms. Further, to enhance the performance of the system, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) is incorporated in each area and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the tie-line of the power system. Results reveal that our proposed approach performs superior in terms of less Overshoot (Os), Settling time (Ts) and Undershoot (Us). Robustness of the proposed controller is verified by changing system parameters within a range of ± (25) %.

ACS Style

Amil Daraz; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Hazlie Mokhlis; Ihsan Ul Haq; Farhan Zafar; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer Based FOI-PD Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Amil Daraz, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Hazlie Mokhlis, Ihsan Ul Haq, Farhan Zafar, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer Based FOI-PD Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amil Daraz; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Hazlie Mokhlis; Ihsan Ul Haq; Farhan Zafar; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. 2020. "Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer Based FOI-PD Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment." IEEE Access 8, no. : 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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This paper proposes a unified power-flow controller (UPFC) to suppress subsynchronous resonance (SSR) occurred in a hybrid power-generation system connected to an infinite bus through a series-capacitor compensated line. The hybrid power-generation system contains a steam-turbine generator (STG) and an offshore wind farm (OWF) based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The d-q axis equivalent-circuit model under three-phase balanced loading conditions is derived to establish the complete system model including the STG set, the DFIG-based OWF, the series-capacitor compensated line, the UPFC, etc. A damping controller of the proposed UPFC is designed by using pole-assignment approach based on modal control theory to effectively damp out unstable STG modes of the studied system. Both small-signal stability and transient simulation results of the studied system are systematically performed. The simulation results show that the proposed UPFC joined with the designed damping controller can effectively suppress unstable STG modes of the studied power system.

ACS Style

Li Wang; Shi-Ying Zeng; Wen-Kai Feng; Anton Victorovich Prokhorov; Hazlie Mokhlis; Chua Kein Huat; Manoj Tripathy. Damping of Subsynchronous Resonance in a Hybrid System With a Steam-Turbine Generator and an Offshore Wind Farm Using a Unified Power-Flow Controller. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 57, 110 -120.

AMA Style

Li Wang, Shi-Ying Zeng, Wen-Kai Feng, Anton Victorovich Prokhorov, Hazlie Mokhlis, Chua Kein Huat, Manoj Tripathy. Damping of Subsynchronous Resonance in a Hybrid System With a Steam-Turbine Generator and an Offshore Wind Farm Using a Unified Power-Flow Controller. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 57 (1):110-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li Wang; Shi-Ying Zeng; Wen-Kai Feng; Anton Victorovich Prokhorov; Hazlie Mokhlis; Chua Kein Huat; Manoj Tripathy. 2020. "Damping of Subsynchronous Resonance in a Hybrid System With a Steam-Turbine Generator and an Offshore Wind Farm Using a Unified Power-Flow Controller." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 1: 110-120.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Energies
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This research proposes a four-level T-type inverter that is suitable for low-power applications. The presented topology outranks other types of inverters in terms of a smaller number of semiconductor devices, absence of passive components such as clamping diodes and flying capacitors, low switching and conduction losses, and high efficiency. The proposed topology is free from voltage deviation and unbalanced voltage occurrences that are present in other multilevel converters having clamping diodes or flying capacitors. The proposed inverter can extend to N levels using unequal dc-link voltage sources for medium-voltage application. The inverter employs the simple fundamental frequency staircase modulation technique. Moreover, this paper presents a current commutation strategy to prevent the occurrences of short circuit and minimizing the number of required switching devices and switching transitions, resulting in improving the efficiency of the inverter. This paper also analyses the theoretical converter losses showing lower switching and conduction losses when compared to existing four-level inverters. The experimental validation of the proposed inverter shows its operating feasibility and a low output voltage THD.

ACS Style

Saddam Shueai Alnamer; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Nadia M. L. Tan. A Novel Multilevel DC-Link Three-Phase T-Type Inverter. Energies 2020, 13, 4186 .

AMA Style

Saddam Shueai Alnamer, Saad Mekhilef, Hazlie Mokhlis, Nadia M. L. Tan. A Novel Multilevel DC-Link Three-Phase T-Type Inverter. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saddam Shueai Alnamer; Saad Mekhilef; Hazlie Mokhlis; Nadia M. L. Tan. 2020. "A Novel Multilevel DC-Link Three-Phase T-Type Inverter." Energies 13, no. 16: 4186.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2020 in Sustainability
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In recent years significant changes in climate have pivoted the distribution system towards renewable energy, particularly through distributed generators (DGs). Although DGs offer many benefits to the distribution system, their integration affects the stability of the system, which could lead to blackout when the grid is disconnected. The system frequency will drop drastically if DG generation capacity is less than the total load demand in the network. In order to sustain the system stability, under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is inevitable. The common approach of load shedding sheds random loads until the system’s frequency is recovered. Random and sequential selection results in excessive load shedding, which in turn causes frequency overshoot. In this regard, this paper proposes an efficient load shedding technique for islanded distribution systems. This technique utilizes a voltage stability index to rank the unstable loads for load shedding. In the proposed method, the power imbalance is computed using the swing equation incorporating frequency value. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization produces optimal load shedding strategy based on the priority of the loads (i.e., non-critical, semi-critical, and critical) and the load ranking from the voltage stability index of loads. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is tested on two test systems, i.e., a 28-bus system that is a part of the Malaysian distribution network and the IEEE 69-bus system, using PSCAD/EMTDC. Results obtained prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique in quickly stabilizing the system’s frequency without frequency overshoot by disconnecting unstable non-critical loads on priority. Furthermore, results show that the proposed technique is superior to other adaptive techniques because it increases the sustainability by reducing the load shed amount and avoiding overshoot in system frequency.

ACS Style

Sohail Sarwar; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Munir Azam Muhammad; J. Laghari; Nurulafiqah Mansor; Hasmaini Mohamad; Alireza Pourdaryaei. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Based Load Shedding Technique for Improving the Sustainability of Islanded Distribution Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6234 .

AMA Style

Sohail Sarwar, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mohamadariff Othman, Munir Azam Muhammad, J. Laghari, Nurulafiqah Mansor, Hasmaini Mohamad, Alireza Pourdaryaei. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Based Load Shedding Technique for Improving the Sustainability of Islanded Distribution Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohail Sarwar; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Munir Azam Muhammad; J. Laghari; Nurulafiqah Mansor; Hasmaini Mohamad; Alireza Pourdaryaei. 2020. "A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Based Load Shedding Technique for Improving the Sustainability of Islanded Distribution Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6234.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in IEEE Access
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This paper proposed an improved structure of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller called as Integral Proportional Derivative (I-PD), applied for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System (IPS). The parameters of the proposed controller are optimized with a newly developed, powerful, nature-inspired meta-heuristic technique known as Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO). To show the efficacy of the proposed controller and the technique used, they have been tested on three different system models. Initially, a two-equal area of diverse source generation including reheat-thermal, gas, and hydro power system is considered. In the second scenario, the same power system model is used with addition of two non-linearities; Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and Governor Dead Band (GDB). Lastly, multiple non-linearities including Governor Dead Band (GDB), Time Delay (TD), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), and Boiler Dynamics (BD) have been considered to make the initial system more realistic and practical. The outcome from the proposed techniques is also compared with some recently meta-heuristic algorithms such as Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Firefly Algorithm (FA). From the results, it has been perceived that the proposed technique shows superior performance in respect of Overshoot (Osh), Undershoot (Ush) and Settling Time (Ts) of the system frequency.

ACS Style

Amil Daraz; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Hazlie Mokhlis; Ihsan Ul Haq; Ghulam Fareed Laghari; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Fitness Dependent Optimizer-Based Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System With Non-Linearities. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 100989 -101003.

AMA Style

Amil Daraz, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Hazlie Mokhlis, Ihsan Ul Haq, Ghulam Fareed Laghari, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Fitness Dependent Optimizer-Based Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System With Non-Linearities. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):100989-101003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amil Daraz; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Hazlie Mokhlis; Ihsan Ul Haq; Ghulam Fareed Laghari; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. 2020. "Fitness Dependent Optimizer-Based Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System With Non-Linearities." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 100989-101003.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES
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ACS Style

Junaid Bin Fakhrul Islam; Mir Toufikur Rahman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Tengku Faiz Tengku Mohmed Noor Izam; Hasmaini Mohamad. Combined analytic hierarchy process and binary particle swarm optimization for multiobjective plug-in electric vehicles charging coordination with time-of-use tariff. TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 2020, 28, 1314 -1330.

AMA Style

Junaid Bin Fakhrul Islam, Mir Toufikur Rahman, Hazlie Mokhlis, Mohamadariff Othman, Tengku Faiz Tengku Mohmed Noor Izam, Hasmaini Mohamad. Combined analytic hierarchy process and binary particle swarm optimization for multiobjective plug-in electric vehicles charging coordination with time-of-use tariff. TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES. 2020; 28 (3):1314-1330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junaid Bin Fakhrul Islam; Mir Toufikur Rahman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Mohamadariff Othman; Tengku Faiz Tengku Mohmed Noor Izam; Hasmaini Mohamad. 2020. "Combined analytic hierarchy process and binary particle swarm optimization for multiobjective plug-in electric vehicles charging coordination with time-of-use tariff." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 28, no. 3: 1314-1330.

Research article
Published: 05 March 2020 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is commonly used to identify the fault type in power transformers. However, the available DGA methods have certain limitations because every method depends on the concentration of the dissolved gases. Therefore, in this work, hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm (GSA) techniques were proposed to determine the fault type of power transformers based on DGA data. The artificial intelligence (AI) methods applied include support vector machine and artificial neural network. Both AI methods were optimised by GSA to enhance the accuracy of the results. Feature selections using stepwise regression and robust regression were applied to utilise only significant gases. The accuracy of the results was tested with various ratios of testing and training data. Comparison of the results using the proposed method with other optimisation methods and the previous works was performed to validate the performance of the proposed technique. It was observed that the proposed hybrid feature selection–AI–GSA technique yields reasonable accuracy although fewer types of dissolved gases were used. Therefore, the proposed method can be recommended for the application of automated power transformer fault type detection based on DGA data in practice.

ACS Style

Hazlee Azil Illias; Kai Choon Chan; Hazlie Mokhlis. Hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm technique for automated transformer fault determination based on dissolved gas analysis. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020, 14, 1575 -1582.

AMA Style

Hazlee Azil Illias, Kai Choon Chan, Hazlie Mokhlis. Hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm technique for automated transformer fault determination based on dissolved gas analysis. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2020; 14 (8):1575-1582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazlee Azil Illias; Kai Choon Chan; Hazlie Mokhlis. 2020. "Hybrid feature selection–artificial intelligence–gravitational search algorithm technique for automated transformer fault determination based on dissolved gas analysis." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 8: 1575-1582.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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Submarine cables are indispensable for offshore wind farms (OWFs) connected to a power grid. Submarine cable can cause certain degrees of impact on system performance due to its different lengths, characteristics, electrical parameters, etc. This paper employs the power-system simulation software of Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSSE) for modeling a future-scheduled OWF, i.e., a large-scale doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based OWF of 200 MW, connected to Jang-Bin Distribution Substation of Taiwan Power System through five feeders, five circuit breakers, two step-up power transformers, a commercial submarine cable, and an underground cable. This paper simulates and compares the electrical quantities of the studied OWF with different operating capacities under various lengths of three types of commercial submarine cable. The transient surge peak voltages at the common bus of the OWF and the bus of Jang-Bin Distribution Substation subject to the switching of one of the five circuit breakers of the studied OWF under different lengths of the three types of commercial submarine cable are also compared using the power-system simulation software of EMTP/ATPDraw.

ACS Style

Li Wang; Bing-Lin Kuan; Chien-Hsiang Yu; Hong-Yi Wu; Shi-Ying Zeng; Anton V. Prokhorov; Hazlie Mokhlis; Chua Kein Huat; Kein Huat Chua. Effects of Submarine-Cable Types and Parameters on Performance of a Future-Scheduled Offshore Wind Farm Connected to Taiwan Power System. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56, 1171 -1179.

AMA Style

Li Wang, Bing-Lin Kuan, Chien-Hsiang Yu, Hong-Yi Wu, Shi-Ying Zeng, Anton V. Prokhorov, Hazlie Mokhlis, Chua Kein Huat, Kein Huat Chua. Effects of Submarine-Cable Types and Parameters on Performance of a Future-Scheduled Offshore Wind Farm Connected to Taiwan Power System. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 56 (2):1171-1179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li Wang; Bing-Lin Kuan; Chien-Hsiang Yu; Hong-Yi Wu; Shi-Ying Zeng; Anton V. Prokhorov; Hazlie Mokhlis; Chua Kein Huat; Kein Huat Chua. 2020. "Effects of Submarine-Cable Types and Parameters on Performance of a Future-Scheduled Offshore Wind Farm Connected to Taiwan Power System." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 2: 1171-1179.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2020 in IEEE Access
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Optimal Network Reconfiguration (NR) is a well-accepted approach to minimize power loss and enhance voltage profile in the Electrical Distribution Networks (EDN). Since the NR problem contains huge combinational search space, most researchers consider the meta-heuristic techniques to attain NR solution. However, these meta-heuristic techniques do not guarantee to obtain the optimal solution besides they require large processing time to converge. This is mainly due to (1) random initialization and updating of population and (2) the continuous verification of population during the search process. With the aim of reducing the computational time and improving the consistency in obtaining the optimal solution as well as minimizing power loss and enhancing the voltage profile of the EDN, this work proposes a new method based on two-stage optimizations. The proposed method introduces an approach to simplify the network into simplified network graph. Then, this approach is utilized for guided initializations and generations of the population and for the proper population’s codification. The proposed method is implemented using the firefly algorithm and verified on 33-bus and 118-bus test systems. The results show the ability of the proposed method to obtain the optimal solution within fast computational time and with superior consistency compared to the conventional methods.

ACS Style

Mohammad Al Samman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Hasmaini Mohamad; Hadi Suyono; Norazliani Md. Sapari. Fast Optimal Network Reconfiguration With Guided Initialization Based on a Simplified Network Approach. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 11948 -11963.

AMA Style

Mohammad Al Samman, Hazlie Mokhlis, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor, Hasmaini Mohamad, Hadi Suyono, Norazliani Md. Sapari. Fast Optimal Network Reconfiguration With Guided Initialization Based on a Simplified Network Approach. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):11948-11963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Al Samman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor; Hasmaini Mohamad; Hadi Suyono; Norazliani Md. Sapari. 2020. "Fast Optimal Network Reconfiguration With Guided Initialization Based on a Simplified Network Approach." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 11948-11963.

Review
Published: 23 December 2019 in IET Renewable Power Generation
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ACS Style

Mohd Hanif Othman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Marizan Mubin; Saifal Talpur; Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz; Mohamad Dradi; Hasmaini Mohamad. Progress in control and coordination of energy storage system‐based VSG: a review. IET Renewable Power Generation 2019, 14, 177 -187.

AMA Style

Mohd Hanif Othman, Hazlie Mokhlis, Marizan Mubin, Saifal Talpur, Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz, Mohamad Dradi, Hasmaini Mohamad. Progress in control and coordination of energy storage system‐based VSG: a review. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2019; 14 (2):177-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Hanif Othman; Hazlie Mokhlis; Marizan Mubin; Saifal Talpur; Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz; Mohamad Dradi; Hasmaini Mohamad. 2019. "Progress in control and coordination of energy storage system‐based VSG: a review." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 2: 177-187.

Review
Published: 12 December 2019 in Processes
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The need for energy is increasing from year to year and has to be fulfilled by developing innovations in energy generation systems. Cogeneration is one of the matured technologies in energy generation, which has been implemented since the last decade. Cogeneration is defined as energy generation unit that simultaneously produced electricity and heat from a single primary fuel source. Currently, the implementation of this system has been spread over the world for stationary and mobile power generation in residential, industrial and transportation uses. On the other hand, fuel cells as an emerging energy conversion device are potential prime movers for this cogeneration system due to its high heat production and flexibility in its fuel usage. Even though the fuel cell-based cogeneration system has been popularly implemented in research and commercialization sectors, the review regarding this technology is still limited. Focusing on the optimal design of the fuel cell-based cogeneration system, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive review, guideline and future prospects of this technology. With an up-to-date literature list, this review study becomes an important source for researchers who are interested in developing this system for future implementation.

ACS Style

Farah Ramadhani; Mohd Azlan Hussain; Hazlie Mokhlis. A Comprehensive Review and Technical Guideline for Optimal Design and Operations of Fuel Cell-Based Cogeneration Systems. Processes 2019, 7, 950 .

AMA Style

Farah Ramadhani, Mohd Azlan Hussain, Hazlie Mokhlis. A Comprehensive Review and Technical Guideline for Optimal Design and Operations of Fuel Cell-Based Cogeneration Systems. Processes. 2019; 7 (12):950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Ramadhani; Mohd Azlan Hussain; Hazlie Mokhlis. 2019. "A Comprehensive Review and Technical Guideline for Optimal Design and Operations of Fuel Cell-Based Cogeneration Systems." Processes 7, no. 12: 950.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in IEEE Access
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Research on network reconfiguration (NR) considering distributed generations (DG) is typically concerns on the issues of power loss, voltage deviation, DG sizing as well as its placement, which are important and required in the planning stage. On the other hand, another important aspect which often neglected in this stage is coordination of protection devices which is essential to prevent the network from damages following system breakdown. Without sufficient attention given to the protection coordination during NR, there is a possibility for the protective devices to miscoordinate and consequently lead to system blackout, due to changes in current flow and fault level. Therefore, this paper proposed an NR method for distribution networks with DG, incorporating protection devices. The proposed method aims to find the optimal configuration and DG size with minimum power loss, and at the same time ensuring protective devices operate correctly during normal and fault condition. Constraints on protection coordination and DG size are explicitly formulated in the proposed method. The validity of the proposed method is analyzed on three commonly used IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus and 118-bus distribution systems, employing the firefly algorithm (FA) and evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm. Comparative studies are done to prove the validity and robustness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Mohamad Norshahrani Abdul Rahim; Hazlie Mokhlis; Abdul Halim Abu Bakar; Mir Toufikur Rahman; Ola Badran; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Protection Coordination Toward Optimal Network Reconfiguration and DG Sizing. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 163700 -163718.

AMA Style

Mohamad Norshahrani Abdul Rahim, Hazlie Mokhlis, Abdul Halim Abu Bakar, Mir Toufikur Rahman, Ola Badran, Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. Protection Coordination Toward Optimal Network Reconfiguration and DG Sizing. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):163700-163718.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamad Norshahrani Abdul Rahim; Hazlie Mokhlis; Abdul Halim Abu Bakar; Mir Toufikur Rahman; Ola Badran; Nurulafiqah Nadzirah Mansor. 2019. "Protection Coordination Toward Optimal Network Reconfiguration and DG Sizing." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 163700-163718.