Microbial resistance has progressed rapidly and is becoming the leading cause of death globally. The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has been a significant threat to the successful therapy against microbial infections. Scientists have become more concerned about the possibility of a return to the pre-antibiotic era. Thus, searching for alternatives to fight microorganisms has become a necessity. Some bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics, while others acquire resistance mainly by the misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of new resistant variants through mutation. Since ancient times, plants represent the leading source of drugs and alternative medicine for fighting against diseases. Plants are rich sources of valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Many studies focus on plant secondary metabolites as a potential source for antibiotic discovery. They have the required structural properties and can act by different mechanisms. This review analyses the antibiotic resistance strategies produced by multidrug-resistant bacteria and explores the phytochemicals from different classes with documented antimicrobial action against resistant bacteria, either alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics.

The widely reported adverse effects of synthetic ingredients encourage the development of green cosmeceuticals to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. The waste product of mangosteen (mangosteen peel) was utilized in the formulation to reduce waste production corresponding to SDG 12, in addition to its anti-aging and pigmentation control effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate novel herbal face creams containing standardized mangosteen peel extract. The mangosteen creams were formulated using natural ingredients and were evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics, rheology, spreadability and pH. Furthermore, an accelerated stability study, freeze–thaw stability study and centrifugation test were conducted. In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess its antioxidant effects, whereas tyrosinase inhibitory assay was conducted to determine its anti-tyrosinase activity. The formulated creams appeared light yellowish-brown and homogenous without phase separation. The creams displayed shear-thinning behavior and optimal pH which was ideal for topical application. The creams were stable after being subjected to various stability tests and were shown to have antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, the development of mangosteen-based green cosmeceutical face cream is in line with SDG 3 and 12. It is expected to be used as a safe and effective alternative to synthetic products.

In the past few years, multiple drugs have been produced from traditional raw materials and recent pandemic disease COVID-19 once again research on this matter is being conducted to determine potential therapeutic purposes of different Ayurvedic Indian medicines and herbs. One such medicinal herb is Curcuma longa. Curcumin is strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiangiogenic, anti-carcinogenic, as shown by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies. The action of the growth factor receptors is inhibited by curcumin. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin is obtained on the cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, eicosanoids, and lipid mediators. The superoxide radicals, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, are sifted by curcumin, while lipid peroxidation is inhibited. Such properties of the compound thus form the foundation for its various therapeutic and pharmacological effects could also hold antiviral properties including COVID-19. The aim of this research is to summarize the updated pharmacological activities of curcumin.

Despite the fact that we live in an era with unique and advanced technology for revealing underlying molecularly creating new drugs and disease mechanisms, infectious illnesses remain one of the world's major health issues. Antimicrobial agents now available against pathogenic microorganisms are insufficient to combat the problems posed by novel multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Antimicrobial drug restrictions are producing negative side effects and the development of multiple drug resistance. Drug resistance will necessitate the use of high-dose antibiotics, resulting in severe toxicity and the development of new medicines. Nanoantibiotics, a new type of antimicrobial agent that combines antimicrobial compounds with nanoparticles, has been created to solve these shortcomings. Additionally, previous reports stated that the pharmacokinetics profiles and have quicker ingestion in circulatory framework. In this subject, we will clarify the various sorts of nanoantibiotics, their instrument of activity, key targets and medication discharge components. We will likewise portray some significant microbial elements that will influence the activity of nanoantibiotics.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge, and the large loads of biocides dumped into the environment augment the spread of antifungal resistance and environmental contamination. Therefore, eco‐friendly antifungal agents must be developed to combat antibiotic resistance and to reduce environmental contamination. In the present investigation, Allium sativum (Hill garlic‐Malai Poondu) extract was used as a green resource to achieve silver nanoparticle (AgNP) production. AgNPs were characterized by various spectral and microscopic analyses. In vitro free radical scavenging assays were instigated to determine the antioxidant capacity of the AgNPs, and the antifungal activity was assessed using Agar well‐diffusion assay again pathogenic fungal strains. The mean particle size of the AgNPs was calculated as 35.1 nm with face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure. AgNPs exhibited free radical scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrzyl (DPPH), 2,2‐azino‐bis (3‐etilbenzotiazolin)‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radicals. Scavenging of DPPH radicals by AgNPs was impressive, and an IC₅₀ value of 6.3 ± 0.4 μg/ml was obtained in this assay. Among the tested Candida strains, the order of the least susceptibility on exposure to AgNPs synthesized using Hill garlic extract was as follows: C.glabrata ≤ C.tropicalis ≤ C.parapsilosis ≤ C.krusei ≤ C.albicans. The study highlights the synthesis of environment‐friendly nanoparticles using Hill garlic extract with enhanced antifungal properties.

In the 19th century, the discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine, saving millions from infectious diseases. People believed that they had won the war against infections. However, the misuse and abuse of antimicrobial agents are accompanied by major ramifications like antimicrobial resistance, creating drug-resistant superbugs. This issue is concerning worldwide, as dwindling effective antibiotics lead to rising healthcare costs, re-hospitalization, and disease severity. Consequently, multiple initiatives have been undertaken to address these phenomena, including the development of antimicrobials with novel modes of action. Without novel discoveries of newer antimicrobial agents, we may face the risk of entering a post-antibiotic era where uncomplicated infections become untreatable. Ultimately, the morbidity and mortality rate would rise higher than in the pre-antibiotic era. This study highlights the recent developments in antimicrobials over the past five years and explores the strategies employed by the new generation of drugs to act against resistance. For example, we discuss the treatment of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, by using meropenem-vaborbactam. Plazomicin, lacking a hydroxyl group, effectively combats metallo-beta-lactamase, which meropenem-vaborbactam is unable to address. It is also preferred over tobramycin and gentamicin due to its hydroxyethyl group. Furthermore, we explore the conjugation of nanoparticles with antibiotics, which demonstrated synergistic effects and positive outcomes on different bacterial resistance. Mechanisms include increased drug adhesion to bacterial cell walls, generating oxidative stress, and causing mistranslation by detaching ribosomes from tRNA. Additionally, the IspH inhibitors like 4’-flurouridine targeting the MEP pathway which is also included in the discussion. This report thoroughly examines newer generations and classes of antibiotics, highlighting the improvements made by scientists to combat bacterial resistance effectively.