This article is focused on whether and to what extent the measures taken by cities’ shape their creative and intelligent space safety. For this purpose, research was carried out among medium and large cities in Poland. The analysis of the obtained results showed that, although projects shaping the creative and intelligent space of medium and large cities are undertaken in order to increase the broadly understood security, they are not treated as a priority. Subsequently, security projects implemented in the selected cities were presented.

Contemporary cities are complex systems in which there are many interactions and dependencies in relation to the environment. Currently, the development of cities and their safety are among the most important international socio-economic processes. The movement of people to larger agglomerations from smaller towns creates a variety of relationships between actors and often leads to very complicated lives in urban space. Features of contemporary cities include urbanization, personal development opportunities, labor markets, and infrastructure, as well as technological and cybernetic networks that optimize all the processes taking place in agglomerations. It should be emphasized that the main goal of public management in urban space is to create various solutions in the field of safety and thus to improve the quality of. In this respect, the role and influence of stakeholders on the processes of smart and safe city development are important. At each stage of activity, the City Council, local communities, economic entities, scientific institutions, and municipal enterprises are important for a city’s safety. This article emphasizes the importance of stakeholders in the process of managing a safe city. The article presents a literature review, as well as research results based on the example of Polish cities, presenting the importance of stakeholders in managing safe cities.

Terrorism is one of the most serious threats today. The perpetrators of the attacks use newer and newer tools and apply new methods of operation. Their goal is to cause fear; therefore, for the media message to be more and more attractive, the terrorists began to attack even more spectacularly. Considering the above, cities conducive to forming clusters of people are attractive places to carry out an attack. To meet the emerging challenges, cities increasingly use modern information and communication technologies, transforming into smart cities. One of the basic assumptions for this is to ensure high safety and public order. Antiterrorist protection is a particular challenge for city authorities. Considering the above, the aim of the research, the effects of which are presented in the article, was to identify and describe the basic features distinguishing selected categories of terrorist attacks carried out in cities. In the course of the research, the duration of the terrorist event was analyzed and the critical relationships between the time and the effectiveness of neutralization and rescue operations at the scene were identified. The research method used, in addition to the observation and analysis of the literature, was a descriptive case study.

Objectives: The functioning of cities is strongly influenced by local phenomena and global processes related to the urban natural environment. Regardless of the reasons, progressing urbanization leads not only to an increase in the demand for energy, water or gas, transport services, housing or the reduction of urban space but also to uncontrolled development outside the city, the formation of slums, dispersed jobs, as well as the ageing of urban infrastructure. The paper aims to show how implementing the smart city concept affects building urban resilience to threats in Polish medium and large cities.Material and methods: At the preliminary stage of the research, a working hypothesis was formulated in the form of a supposition that implementing the smart city concept affects the building of cities' resistance to threats. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the research process. The data for the analysis were obtained using a diagnostic survey (CAWI and CATI methods) using the questionnaire survey technique.Results: The analysis of the research results allows us to conclude that representatives of medium and large cities in Poland determine the impact of the smart city concept's implementation on building the city's resilience between medium and large.Conclusions: Sustainability and resilience are among the most critical challenges in ensuring city security. Actions taken to build them are aimed, among others, at minimizing the negative impact of development on the environment while focusing on development and building better living conditions for future generations. The research showed that representatives of medium-sized and large cities in Poland see the potential in implementing the smart city concept in the context of building cities' resilience to threats.

The article is devoted to assessing consumers’ behaviors, particularly in terms of stockpiling, after the coronavirus outbreak, as well as their impact on the security of Poles. Firstly, the paper reviews the literature. Then the research methodology was presented, with particular emphasis on the research methodology used, indication of the encountered limitations of the research, as well as characteristics of the respondents. General recommendations on stockpiles are then presented. These recommendations have been juxtaposed with those of the Polish government in this area. Then the author presented the results of the empirical research conducted using the survey technique. The results of the research were divided into four categories, which describe: the frequency of purchases, the quantity of products purchased, purchases of new products, and the reasons for stockpiling. Based on the above elements, a discussion was held, and recommendations were developed as a result.

Jednym z podstawowych zadań państwa jest ochrona ludności przed skutkami sytuacji kryzysowych o różnorodnym podłożu i skutkach. Chcąc sprostać temu zadaniu, powoływane są wyspecjalizowane służby, inspekcje i straże, których funkcje skupiają się na zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa obywatelom, zarówno na co dzień, jak również w sytuacjach zagrożeń. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie roli wybranych wyspecjalizowanych systemów ratowniczych oraz służb, a także organizacji pozarządowych w zakresie reagowania na pojawiające się sytuacje kryzysowe.