Proteins are the most important biological macromolecules, and are involved in almost all aspects of life. Therefore, the study of the structure of proteins is of great practical and fundamental importance. On the one hand, knowledge of the spatial structure is necessary to study the basic principles of protein functioning; for example, the mechanisms of enzymatic reactions. On the other hand, knowledge of the spatial structure of proteins is used, for example, in biotechnology, for the design of enzymes with desired properties, as well as in drug design. Today, the main method for determining the spatial structure of a protein is X-ray structural analysis of protein crystals. The main difficulty in applying this method is in obtaining a perfect protein-crystal. This review is devoted to the successes and challenges of modern protein crystallography.

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a copper-containing multifunctional oxidase of plasma. New rat Cp features were discovered by X-ray analysis.

The three-dimensional structure of ceruloplasmin (CP) with unoccupied labile metal-binding sites and the structure of CP containing Ni2+in the labile sites were solved for the first time at 2.6 and...

Crystals of high-purity recombinant NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana ( AraFDH) were grown in microgravity in the Modul’-1 protein crystallization...