With urbanization, there is a growing need for mobility. Challenges for urban drivers include finding available parking spaces. Searching for a parking spot can be a frustrating experience, often time consuming and costly. Also, the increasing number of vehicles on the roads leads to an additional strain on traffic flow, while the search for parking spaces lowers the level of service. In inner cities, vehicles circulate in search of an available parking space, leading to an increase in travel time, fuel consumption, pollutant emissions, and a decrease in traffic safety. The search for a free parking space generates a significant increase in traffic in urban areas. To solve the parking search problem, it is necessary to develop certain strategies and measures that minimize circling in search of a parking space. The implementation of intelligent transportation systems stands out. By applying intelligent transport systems, drivers are provided with information about free parking spaces, which reduces the circulation of vehicles in search of free parking. Although initially ITS systems mainly provided services for closed parking lots and garages, with the further development of the system, the service was extended to street parking lots or open-type parking lots. These measures not only solve traffic challenges but also promote sustainability in urban areas. This article analyzes the effect of a cooperative approach of guiding vehicles to available parking spaces compared to a standard model of searching for an available parking space. Within the framework of the advanced model for searching for available space, four parking demand scenarios were defined and simulated. Based on the created traffic simulation, a comparative analysis was made between the classic and cooperative approach, while the primary differences are manifested in the load of the traffic flow A simulation model was developed using the road network from the urban center of Zagreb.

One of the biggest issues in railroad planning and design is determining the optimal railroad route. After the railroad route variants are determined, the major challenge is to identify and select the criteria which will be used for the analysis and evaluation of the variants. This paper is primarily concerned with the evaluation and selection of an optimal railroad route between Rijeka and Zagreb as part of the Mediterranean Corridor. The large number of criteria used to analyze solutions makes this decision-making complex. The objectives are usually in conflict with each other, and there are usually several groups of decision makers involved in the process. The aim of this paper was to analyze alternative railroad route variants using the optimization method of multi-criteria analysis. To achieve the research aim, a model comprising the defined criteria and sub-criteria including their weighting coefficients was set. To perform the analysis, the authors applied the defined model for evaluation and selection of a railway route between Rijeka and Zagreb using the PROMETHEE II method for multi-criteria ranking of alternatives and the computer software “Visual PROMETHEE”. The value of the defined model is expressed by the presented methodology of multi-criteria optimization, which is used in railroad planning and designing.